Fiscal and structural resilience building responses to inflation during the 2022-23 energy crisis: a comparative analysis of the approach of the EU and three European countries

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This report from the Centre for Economic Transition Expertise (CETEx) examines the role of unconventional fiscal and structural resilience building policies in managing and reducing the likelihood of future supply shocks by drawing retrospective lessons from the responses to the energy crisis in the EU, France, Germany and Spain in 2022–23. The authors make 12 policy recommendations for managing and avoiding similar inflationary supply shocks.