Romain Svartzman

This paper empirically estimates the material demand requirements for so-called ‘transition-critical materials’ (TCMs) implied under two climate scenarios and finds potentially serious supply ‘bottlenecks’ for three materials – copper, lithium and nickel – which are exacerbated if the transition is delayed. Read more

The impacts of biodiversity loss call for urgent and transformative changes to economic and financial systems. This paper discusses the need to extend the scope of central banks’ approach to the environmental crisis. Read more

This paper outlines three perspectives on the emerging concept of double materiality, along with their implications for monetary and financial policy and the challenges they raise in theory and practice. Read more