How Ministries of Finance can assess the fiscal challenges and opportunities from green and resilient transitions

Feedback from Ministries of Finance around the world points to the requirement to estimate the fiscal implications of climate change, climate mitigation and adaptation measures as a core concern. This report focuses on how each climate-related issue can affect public finances, how those effects can be estimated using existing data, tools and approaches, and where gaps remain.
This report is a product of the Helsinki Principle 4 (HP4) workstream of the Coalition of Finance Ministers for Climate Action (CFMCA), which is being led by Denmark’s Ministry of Finance with support from the Grantham Research Institute.