Policy Options for Voluntary Carbon Markets in Wales
This policy briefing outlines the lessons that Wales can learn from other countries which have developed policies, schemes and regulations to better govern Voluntary carbon markets (VCMs). The report includes analysis of four case studies – Australia, Finland, Portugal, and Scotland – reflecting different governance structures, market maturity, and potential for land-based mitigation.
The briefing was prepared by Wales Centre for Public Policy (WCPP) at the request of the Welsh Government. WCPP commissioned LSE Consulting, using staff from the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, to review international approaches and identify policy options.
Mercer, L., Kuci, S., and Macquarie, R. (2025). Policy options to engage with Voluntary Carbon Markets. Cardiff: Wales Centre for Public Policy.