Low-EFFourth: A computational framework for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in low-dimensional systems

This paper introduces Low-EFFourth (LEF4), a MATLAB-based computational framework designed for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in continuous dynamical systems. Initially developed to address questions in climate modelling, LEF4 can also be used in other disciplines such as epidemiology, economics, and engineering, with minimal modifications to the code. The framework provides an efficient and flexible approach for investigating uncertainties arising from initial conditions, model parameters, numerical methods, and model formulation. This preprint serves as a formal reference for the LEF4 codebase and provides a concise technical and conceptual overview of its purpose, structure, applications and development pipeline.

Viríssimo, F.D.M., 2025. Low-EFFourth: A computational framework for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in low-dimensional systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.03313.