Objectives
This project studied the relationship between digital inequality and access to the labour market. Specifically, we examined the impact of online job search skills on the probability of obtaining employment using digital platforms.
Spain makes for an interesting case study because:
- The country's labour market is characterised by high unemployment rates, especially in comparison with the rest of the EU (source: Eurostat)
- Using digital platforms to find work is popular among Spanish job seekers, partially due to the country's high access to the internet and high unemployment rate (source: De Marco et al., 2025)
The research
In order to achieve the research objectives, we:
- Analysed Spanish online platforms for professional social networks
- Studied candidates and recruiters that operated through these platforms simultaneously
- Combined "classical" research tools, such as questionnaires and in-depth interviews, with methodologies that are mostly used in computer sciences, such as those based on Big Data analysis
Methodology - interviews and surveys
We conducted 86 semi-structured interviews with job seekers and recruiters from 2020 to 2021.
For recruiters, we created a sample of 35 respondents separated into two categories: headhunters (type 1) and mixed recruiters (type 2).Type 1 recruiters focused on highly qualified workers, while type 2 recruiters focused on middle or low-qualified workers. Overall, type 1 recruiters actively searched for and contacted potential candidates, while type 2 recruiters engaged in a combination of active and passive activities, primarily reviewing applications instead of reaching out to potential candidates.
For job seekers, we created a sample of 51 candidates divided into four categories based on educational background and work experience.
Additionally, we conducted two surveys with representative samples of Spanish jobseekers. Both surveys included sociodemographic variables, indicators of digital skills, employment search outcomes, and a specially constructed scale to measure online job search skills. One of the surveys included a burnout scale adapted to online job search processes.
Results
Noteworthy results of this project include:
- A new scale for measuring digital skills for online job search which received a positive psychometric response
- We identified two distinct typologies of job candidates: a) VIP candidates with highly sought-after profiles in the job market and b) "regular" candidates with common profiles. The former does not require advanced search skills to find employment, while the latter does
- Individuals with fewer material and digital resources exhibit fewer job search capabilities and are more likely to abandon their search
- Job seekers with better job search skills demonstrate an "intuition" about how algorithms sort applications on job search platforms
- Higher levels of skills were associated with a lower probability of experiencing burnout during the job search process
Funding
This research project is funded by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (ref. RTI2018-098967-A-I00).