This talk examines initial conditions dependence and initial conditions uncertainty for climate projections and predictions. First, a clear conceptual characterisation of predictions and projections is given. Concerning initial conditions dependence, projections are often described as experiments that do not depend on initial conditions. Although prominent, this claim has not been scrutinized much and I argue that evidence does not support this claim. Concerning initial conditions uncertainty, several kinds of initial conditions uncertainty are identified (two of them have not been discussed much so far). Overall, the discussion shows that initial conditions dependence and uncertainty in climate science are more complex and important issues than usually acknowledged.