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Online risks and resilience in children's daily lives (ORChiD)

A multi-method study of the mental health risks and benefits of digital technology use

By listening to children and working with families, this project aims to better understand digital life in childhood and support healthier, more positive online experiences.

- Dr Kasia Kostyrka-Allchorne

 

The ORCHID project asks how emerging digital technologies are reshaping possibilities and barriers to children’s mental health, with a needed focus on young children."

- Prof Sonia Livingstone

Project overview

A collaboration between Queen Mary University of London, King’s College London, University of Edinburgh and the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), this project explores children’s online experiences and their relationship to mental health and development in late childhood.

As children aged 8–10 grow in independence and prepare for key developmental transitions, digital technology becomes central to how they communicate, learn, and play. Many begin using their first personal device during this period, creating new opportunities but also introducing early risks.

Despite this, there is a lack of robust, developmentally appropriate tools to measure children’s online experiences. As a result, our understanding of how these experiences shape children’s mental health and development remains limited.

The ORCHID project addresses this gap by working closely with children, parents, and teachers to explore children’s digital activities, the feelings these evoke, and how families manage online experiences in everyday life.

Insights from this work will inform the co-development of child- and parent-report measures that comprehensively capture children’s online experiences. These tools will then undergo rigorous psychometric evaluation to ensure they are reliable, valid, and suitable for diverse populations. In parallel, the project will co-design the structure and core components of a family-focused digital wellbeing intervention.

Overall, the project will deliver validated measurement tools and preliminary, co-designed intervention materials. Its longer-term goal is to promote awareness, strengthen children’s and families’ agency, and support positive digital activity in late childhood.

The project is funded by the Huo Family Foundation

Aims and objectives

The project has three overarching aims:

  • To understand the nature and meaning of children’s digital activities and their psychological impacts
  • To develop and validate age-appropriate tools for measuring children’s digital activity and emotional responses
  • To co-design a theory-informed platform for a family-focused digital wellbeing intervention

Through these aims, the project seeks to strengthen awareness, support children’s agency, and promote positive engagement with digital technologies.

This project builds on our previous research as part of DIORA (Dynamic Interplay of Online Risk and Resilience in Adolescence). Find out more about DIORA  

Watch this short animation on helping children find digital balance

Rethinking screen time and young people’s mental health Rethinking screen time and young people’s mental health
DIORA project

 

Methods

Research Questions

The project addresses key questions including:

  • What digital activities do children aged 8–10 engage in, and what meanings do they attach to them?
  • How do these activities shape children’s emotional and psychological experiences?
  • How do children regulate their digital activity and emotional responses?
  • How do parents’ and teachers’ perspectives compare with children’s lived experiences?
  • How can insights into digital activity and wellbeing inform effective, family-focused interventions?

Methodology

The project is organised into five interconnected work packages:

Understanding children’s digital lives

Creative and participatory research with children, alongside interviews with parents and teachers, will explore children’s digital activities, emotional responses, and strategies for managing their experiences.

Co-Designing measurement tools

The project will adapt and develop child- and parent-report versions of a digital activity framework through workshops, expert consultation, and iterative testing to ensure clarity, relevance, and usability.

Psychometric validation

Large-scale data collection with families will evaluate the reliability and validity of the new tools, ensuring they are robust, developmentally appropriate, and applicable across diverse populations.

Developing an intervention platform

Findings will inform the co-design of a family-focused digital wellbeing intervention, including a theory of change, prototype resources, and a delivery framework to support positive digital engagement.

Dissemination and impact

The project will engage academic, policy, and public audiences through publications, events, and accessible resources, ensuring that findings translate into real-world impact.

 

 

Publications and resources

Publications

Webinars and presentations

Blogs

Related projects

Project team

Project Leads

Kasia

Dr Kasia Kostyrka-Allchorne is a lecturer in the Department of Psychology at Queen Mary University of London. Kasia’s research broadly concerns risks and opportunities created by access to digital technology within the context of family and child and adolescent mental health. This includes developing evidence-based parenting interventions that use mobile phone technology to provide low-cost and scalable support for parents of young children both in the community and within children’s health services. She is also interested in examining the mechanisms that underpin the associations between childhood and adolescent mental health difficulties and digital engagement.

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Jennifer-Lau

Jennifer Lau is Professor of Youth Resilience and Co-Director of the Youth Resilience Unit at Queen Mary University of London. Her research focuses on understanding the risk mechanisms underlying anxiety, depression, and loneliness across childhood and adolescence. She is also committed to translating basic science into targeted interventions, co-produced with young people and stakeholders through multidisciplinary and cross-sector collaboration.

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Sonia pic for YSKills

Sonia Livingstone DPhil (Oxon), FBA, FBPS, FAcSS, FRSA, OBE is a professor in the Department of Media and Communications at the London School of Economics and Political Science. She has published 20 books including “The Class: Living and Learning in the Digital Age” and Parenting for a Digital Future (July 2020). She directs the projects “Children’s Data and Privacy Online,” “Global Kids Online” (with UNICEF) and “Parenting for a Digital Future”, and she is Deputy Director of the UKRI-funded “Nurture Network.” Since founding the 33 country EU Kids Online network, Sonia has advised the UK government, European Commission, European Parliament, Council of Europe, OECD and ITU.

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Aja-Murray-02-09-24

Aja Murray is Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychology at the University of Edinburgh. Her research focuses on the developmental aspects of mental health, particularly ADHD, internalising problems, and their co-occurrence, alongside advanced quantitative methods such as longitudinal, ecological momentary assessment, and measurement burst designs. She leads several projects, including the Mental Health in the Moment (MHIM) studies, the DigiCAT project, and the development of digital interventions for emotion dysregulation in ADHD.

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edmund v2

Edmund Sonuga-Barke is Professor of Developmental Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London. Inspired by his own childhood experiences his research focuses on understanding neuro-developmental disorders and their mental health consequences across the life span. To this end, he employs basic developmental science approaches to study the pathogenesis of such conditions, their underlying genetic and environmental risk and resilience sources and their mediating brain mechanisms. Professor Sonuga-Barke was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (2016), a Fellow of the British Academy (2018), amongst the ‘most influential scientific minds’ in psychology and psychiatry by Clarivate (2018) and an Honorary Professor at Aarhus University, Denmark (2019).

 

Researchers

MariyaStoilova2016(1)

Dr Mariya Stoilova holds a postdoctoral research position at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). With a strong focus on multi-method evidence generation and cross-national comparative analyses, her work focuses on the intersection of child rights and digital technology use, well-being and family support, and intimate life, citizenship and social inequalities.

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Peiyao Tang 150x150

Dr Peiyao Tang is a Research Associate at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London. Peiyao is interested in the cognitive and emotional risk factors in young people's mental health, particularly depression and anxiety disorders. Her PhD investigated the role of future thinking in symptoms of adolescent depression and generalised anxiety, where she used methodologies including systematic review and meta-analysis, qualitative research, questionnaire development and validation (psychometrics), and longitudinal studies.

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Image credit: Photo by Norma Mortenson on Pexels.