Social Shaping of Technology references

Last update 14th July 2022 (No new references since Dec 2020)  

* Updated 20th January 2020
**Updated 30th December 2020

This bibliography contains a number of different elements. The first is references from the social shaping literature, especially, but not only, those dealing with consumer ICTs. In addition, there are some more theoretical contributions from the Social Construction of Technology or Actor-Network traditions, including ones combined with empirical studies. The bibliography also has some contributions from innovation studies, since these are pertinent to shaping theme. There are some references to material focused particularly on users’ roles in the innovation process, and ‘produsers’. At the end, in a separate section, there are relevant historical studies of particular technologies, although these sometimes overlap with, and hence are repeated in, the first list.


Akrich, M. (1992) ‘The De-scription of Technical Objects’, in Bijker, W. and Law, J. (eds) Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change, MIT Press, Cambridge.

Akrich, M. (1992) 'User Representations: Practices, Methods and Sociology', in Rip, A., Misa, T. and Schot, J. (eds) Managing Technology in Society: The Approach of Constructive Technology Assessment, Pinter, London, pp.167-184.

Berg, A-J. and Lie, M (1995) ‘Do Artefacts have Gender? Feminism and the Domestication of Technical Artifacts’, Science, Technology and Human Values, 20 (3), 332-351.

Bijker, W. (1995) Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs: Toward a Theory of Socio-Technical Change, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

Bijker, W. (2010) ‘How is Technology Made? -That is the Question’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34, 63-76.

*Bird, E. (2011) ‘Are we all Produsers now?’ Cultural Studies 25(4–5): 502–516.

Bolter, J. & Grushin, R. (1999) Remediation: Understanding new media. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

*Bruns, A. (2006) ‘Towards produsage: futures for user-led content production’, in Sudweeks. F., Hrachovec, H. and Ess, C. (eds) Proceedings Cultural Attitudes Towards Communication and Technology. Tartu: School of Information Technology, Murdoch University, pp. 275–284.

Bruns, J. (2007) Produsage: Towards a Broader Framework for User-Led Content Creation, ACM, Washington DC.

*Bruns, A. (2008) Blogs, Wikipedia, Second Life, and Beyond: From Production to Produsage, New York: Peter Lang.

Cawson, A., Haddon, L. and Miles, I. (1995) The Shape of Things to Consume: Bringing Information Technology into the Home, Avebury, London.

Cockburn, C. (1985) Machinery of Dominance: Women, Men and Technical Know-How, Pluto Press, London.

Cockburn, C. and Furst-Dilic, R. (1994) Bringing Technology Home: Gender and Technology in a Changing Europe, Open University Press, Milton Keynes.

Coombs, R., Green, K., Richards, A. and Walsh, V. (eds) (2001) Technology and the Market: Demand, Users and Innovation, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham.

Couldry, N. (2008) ‘Actor network theory and media: Do they connect and on what terms?’, in Hepp, A., Krottz, F., Moores, S. and Winter, C. (eds) Connectivity, networks and flows: conceptualizing contemporary communications. Cresskill, NJ, USA: Hampton Press, Inc.  http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/52481/

De la Cruz Paragas, F. and Lin, T. (2016) ‘Organizing and reframing technological determinism’, New Media and Society, 18 (8), 1528-1546.

Dosi, G. (1984) Technical Change and Industrial Transformation: The Theory and An Application to the Semiconductor Industry, Macmillan, London.

Dutton, W. (Ed.) (1996) Information and Communication Technologies: Visions and Realities, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Edge, D. (1995) ‘The Social Shaping of Technology’, in Heap, N., Thomas. R.(eds) Information Technology and Society: A Reader, Sage, London,

Einon, G., Mason, R. and Mackay, H. (eds) Information Technology and Society: A Reader, Sage, London, pp.14-32

Flichy, P. (1995) Dynamics of Modern Communication: The Shaping and Impact of New Communication Technologies, Sage, London.

Forty, A. (1986) Objects of Desire: Design and Society 1750-1980, Thames and Hudson, London.

Freeman, C., Clark, J. and Soete, L. (1982) Unemployment and Technical Innovation: A Study of Long Waves and Economic Development, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT

Du Gay, P., Hall, S., Janes, L., Mackay, H. and Negus, K. (1997) Doing Cultural Studies. The Story of the Sony Walkman, Sage, London.

**Guerrero-Pico, M., Masanet, M-J. and Scolari, C. (2019) ‘Toward a Typology of Young Produsers: Teenagers’ Transmedia Skills, Media Production, and Narrative and Aesthetic Appreciation’, New Media & Society, 21(2), 336–353

Goggin, G. (2006) Cell Phone Culture: Mobile Technology in Everyday Life, Routledge, Abingdon.

Green, W, Owen J. and Pain, D. (eds) (1993) Gendered by Design? Information Technology and Office Systems, Taylor and Francis, London.

Haddon, L. (2002) ‘Information and Communication Technologies and the Role of Consumers in Innovation’, in McMeekin. A., Green, K., Tomlinson, M. and Walsh, V. (eds) Innovation by Demand: Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Demand and its Role in Innovation, Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp. 151-67. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/64826/

Haddon, L. (2005) ‘The Innovatory Use of ICTs’, in Haddon, L, Mante, E., Sapio, B., Kommonen, K-H, Fortunati, L. Kant, A (eds) Everyday Innovators. Researching the Role of Users in Shaping ICTs, Springer, Dordrect, pp.54-66.

Haddon, L, Mante, E., Sapio, B., Kommonen, K-H, Fortunati, L. Kant, A. (eds) (2005) Everyday Innovators, Researching the Role of Users in Shaping ICTs, Springer, Dordrect.

Haddon, L. and Paul, G. (2001) ‘Design in the ICT Industry: The Role of Users’, in Coombs, R, Green, K., Richards, A. and Walsh, V. (eds) Technology and the Market: Demand, Users and Innovation, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, pp.201-15. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/64827/

Haddon, L. and Stald, G. (2009) 'Cultures of Research and Policy in Europe', in Livingstone, S., and Haddon, L. (eds) Kids Online. Opportunities and Risks for Children, Policy Press, Bristol, pp.5-70. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/62131/

Hamilton, J and Heflin, K. (2011) 'User Production Reconsidered: From Convergence, to Autonomia and Cultural Materialism'\ New Media and Society, Vo.13, No.7, pp.1050-1066.

Hoogma, R. and Schot, J. (2001) ‘How Innovative are Users? A Critique of Learning-by-Doing-and-Using’, in Coombs, R., Green, K., Richards, A. and Walsh, V. (eds) Technology and the Market: Demand, Users and Innovation, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, pp. 216-233

Howcroft, D., Mitev, N., & Wilson, M. (2004) ‘What we may learn from the social shaping of Technology Approach,’ in J. Mingers & L. Willcocks (Eds.), Social Theory and Philosophy for Information Systems (pp.329-371). Chichester, England: Wiley.

Hughs, T. (1987) The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

Johnson, R. (1986) ‘The Story So Far: And Further Transformations’, in Punter, D. (Ed.) Introduction to Contemporary Cultural Studies, Longman, Harlow, pp.277-313.

Joshi, J. (2005) ‘Community-Technology Interfaces in Participatory Planning: Tool or Tokenism?’ in Haddon, L, Mante, E., Sapio, B., Kommonen, K-H, Fortunati, L. Kant, A (eds) Everyday Innovators. Researching the Role of Users in Shaping ICTs, Springer, Dordrect, pp.218-32.

Jenkins, H. (2008) Convergence Culture: When Old and New Media Collide, New York University Press, New York.

Keen, B. (1987) ‘Play It Again Sony: The Origins and Double Life of Home Video Technology’, Science as Culture, 1, pp.7-42.

Lally, E. (2002) At Home with Computers, Berg, Oxford.

Latour, B. and Woolgar, S. (1979) Laboratory Life, Sage, London

Latour B (1986) Science in Action, Open University Press, Milton Keynes

Law J and Callon M (1992) The Life and Death of an Aircraft: A Network Analysis of Technical Change, in Bijker, W. and Law, J. (eds) Shaping technology/ Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change, Routledge, London, pp. 29-52.

Limonard, S. and de Koning, N. (2005) ‘Dealing with Dilemmas in Pre-Competitive ICT Development Projects: The Construction of ‘The Social’ in Designing New Technologies’, in Haddon, L, Mante, E., Sapio, B., Kommonen, K-H, Fortunati, L. Kant, A (eds) Everyday Innovators. Researching the Role of Users in Shaping ICTs, Springer, Dordrect, pp.168-183.

Lindsay, C. (2003) ‘From the Shadows: Users as Designers, Producers, Marketers, Distributors and Technical Support’, in Oudshoorn, N and Pinch, T. (2003) How Users Matter. The Co-construction of Users and Technology, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp.29-50.

Mackenzie, D. and Wacjman, J. (eds.) (1999, 2nd Edition) The Social Shaping of Technology, Open University Press, Milton Keynes.

Mahé, E. (2005) ‘Artistic Deviance and Innovation in Use’, in Haddon, L, Mante, E., Sapio, B., Kommonen, K-H, Fortunati, L. Kant, A (eds) Everyday Innovators. Researching the Role of Users in Shaping ICTs, Springer, Dordrect, pp.121-35.

Mallard, A. (2005) ‘Following the Emergence of Unpredictable Uses? New Stakes and Tasks for a Social Scientific Understanding of ICT Uses’, in Haddon, L, Mante, E., Sapio, B., Kommonen, K-H, Fortunati, L. Kant, A (eds) Everyday Innovators. Researching the Role of Users in Shaping ICTs, Springer, Dordrect, pp.39-53.

Marvin, C. (1988) When Old Technologies were New: Thinking about Communications in the Late Nineteenth Century, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

McKelvey, M. (2001) ‘Internet Entrepreneurship: Why Linux might beat Microsoft’, in Coombs, R., Green, K., Richards, A. and Walsh, V. (eds) Technology and the Market: Demand, Users and Innovation, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, pp. 216-233.

McMeekin. A., Green, K., Tomlinson, M. and Walsh, V. (eds) Innovation by Demand: Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Demand and its Role in Innovation, Manchester University Press, Manchester,

Molina, A. (1989) The Social Basis of the Microelectronics Revolution, Edinburgh University Pres, Edinburgh

Murray, J.B., Jr. (2001) Wireless nation: The frenzied launch of the cellular revolution in America. Cambridge, MA: Perseus.

Oudshoorn, N and Pinch, T. (2003) How Users Matter. The Co-construction of Users and Technology, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

*Oudshoorn, N., Neven, L. and Stienstra, M. (2016) ‘How Diversity gets Lost: Age and Gender in Design Practices of Information and Communication Technologies’, Journal of Women & Aging 28(2): 170–185.

*Oudshoorn, N., Rommes, E. and Stienstra, M. (2004) ‘Configuring the User as Everybody: Gender and Design Cultures in Information and Communication Technologies‘, Science, Technology and Human Values 29: 1, 30-63

*Pavličkova, T. and Kleut, J. (2016) ‘Produsage as Experience and Interpretation’, Participations, 13(1): 349–359.

Pinch, T. and Bijker, W. (1984) ‘The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts: Or how the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology might Benefit each Other’, Social Studies of Science, 14, 399-441.

Pinch, T. and Bijker, W. (1987) ‘The Social Construction of Facts and Artefacts: Or how the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Technology might Benefit each Other’, in Bijker, W. and Hughs, T. (eds) The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and history of Technology, MIT Press, Cambridge,

Punie, Y. (2005) ‘The Future of Ambient Intelligence in Europe – The Need for More Everyday Life’, in Silverstone, R. (Ed.) Media, Technology and Everyday Life in Europe, Aldershot: Ashgate.

Rip, A., Misa, Th. and Schot, J. (eds) (1995) Managing Technology in Society: The Approach of Constructive Technology Assessment, Pinter, London.

Rip, A. and Schot, J. (2002) ‘Identifying Loci for Influencing the Dynamics of Technological Development’, in Sørensen, K. and Williams, R. (eds) Shaping Technology, Guiding Policy. Concepts, Spaces and Tools, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.

Rogers, E M. (1962). Diffusion of Innovations. Glencoe: Free Press.

Rommes E (2002) Gender Scripts and the Internet: The Design and Use of Amsterdam’s Digital City, Twente University Press, Enschede

Sarkkinen, J. (2005) ‘Test Scenarios and the Excluded User’, in Haddon, L, Mante, E., Sapio, B., Kommonen, K-H, Fortunati, L. Kant, A (eds) Everyday Innovators, Researching the Role of Users in Shaping ICTs, Springer, Dordrect, pp.184-200.

Selwyn, N. (2008) “Developing the technological imagination: theorising the social shaping and consequences of new technologies”, in Livingstone, S. (Ed.), Theorising the Benefits of New Technology for Youth, University of Oxford, Oxford, available at: www.education.ox.ac.uk/esrcseries

Silverstone, R. and Haddon, L. (1996) ‘Design and the Domestication of Information and Communication Technologies: Technical Change and Everyday Life’, in Silverstone, R. and Mansell, R (eds) Communication by Design. The Politics of Information and Communication Technologies, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 44-74.

Sørensen, K. (2005) ‘Domestication: The Enactment of Technology’, in Berker, T., Hartmann, M, Punie, Y and Ward, K. (eds) Domestication of Media and Technologies, Open University Press, Maidenhead, pp.40-61.

Sørensen, K. and Williams, R. (eds) (2002) Shaping Technology, Guiding Policy. Concepts, Spaces and Tools, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.

Sotamaa, O. (2005) ‘Creative User-Centred Design Practices: Lessons from Game Cultures’, in Haddon, L, Mante, E., Sapio, B., Kommonen, K-H, Fortunati, L. Kant, A. (eds) Everyday Innovators, Researching the Role of Users in Shaping ICTs, Springer, Dordrect, pp.104-116.

Spurgeon, C. and Goggin, G. (2007) 'Mobiles into Media: Premium Rate SMS and the Adaptation of Television to Interactive Communication Cultures’, Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, 21 (2), June, 317-29.

Thomke S, von Hippel E (2002) ‘Customers as Innovators: A New Way to Create Value’, Harward Business Review, 80 (2), 5-11.

Tuomi, I. (2002) Networks of Innovation: Change and Meaning in the Age of the Internet, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Tuomi, I. (2005) ‘Beyond User-Centric Models of Product Creation’, in Haddon, L, Mante, E., Sapio, B., Kommonen, K-H, Fortunati, L. Kant, A (eds) Everyday Innovators. Researching the Role of Users in Shaping ICTs, Springer, Dordrect, pp.21-38.

Vehviläinen, M. (2005) ‘The Construction of ‘Equal Agency’ in the Development of Technology’, in Haddon, L, Mante, E., Sapio, B., Kommonen, K-H, Fortunati, L. Kant, A (eds) Everyday Innovators. Researching the Role of Users in Shaping ICTs, Springer, Dordrect, pp.203-17.

Wajcman, J. (2004) Technofeminism, Polity Press, London.

Williams, R. (1974) Television: Technology and Cultural Form, Fontana/Collins, Glasgow.

Williams, R. and Edge, D. (1999) ‘The Social Shaping of Technology’, in Dutton, W. (Ed.) Information and Communication Technologies: Visions and Realities, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 53-68

Woolgar, S. (1991) ‘Configuring the User: The Case of Usability Trials’, in Law. J (Ed.) A Sociology of Monsters, Routledge, London, pp. 57-99

Woolgar, S. (2005) ‘Mobile Back to Front: Uncertainty and Danger in the theory-Technology Relation’ in Ling, R. and Pedersen, P. (eds) Mobile Communications: Renegotiation of the Social Sphere, Springer, London, pp.23-44.

Williams, R. (1997) ‘The social shaping of information and communication technologies’, in Kubicek, H., Dutton, W. and Williams, R. (eds) European and American Roads to the Information Society, Campus Verlag, Frankfurt, pp.299-238.

Williams, R. and Edge, D. (1999) ‘The Social Shaping of Technology’, in Dutton, W. (Ed.) Society on the Line: Information Politics in the Digital Age, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp.41-43.

**Wu, T. (2010) The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires, Atlantic Books, London

Von Hippel, E. and Katz, R. (2002) ‘Shifting Innovation to Users via Toolkits, Management Science, Vol. 48, no. 7, pp.821-833.

Wyatt, S. (2003) ‘Non-Users Also Matter: The Construction of Users and Non-Users of the Internet’, in Oudshoorn, N and Pinch, T. (2003) How Users Matter. The Co-construction of Users and Technology, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp.67-80.


Contemporary and Historical Studies

Abbate J (1999) Inventing the Internet, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Agar, J. (2003) Constant Touch. A Global History of the Mobile Phone, Icon, Duxford.

Aguado, J.M. (2007) ‘The Construction of the Mobile Phone Experience: The Role of Advertising Campaigns in the Appropriation of the Mobile’, Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, 21 (2), June, 137-48.

Aikat, D. (2001) ‘Pioneers of the Early Digital Era: Innovative Ideas that Shaped Computing in 1988-1945’, Convergence, 7 (4), 52-81.

Albarrán Torres C and Goggin G (2014) 'Mobile Social Gambling: Poker’s Next Frontier.' Mobile Media & Communication 2: 94–109.

Aronson, S. (1977) ‘”Bell's Electrical Toy. What's the Use?” The Sociology of Early Telephone Usage', de Sola Pool, I. (Ed.) The Social Impact of the Telephone, MIT Press, Cambridge.

Atkinson, P., (2008) 'A Bitter Pill to Swallow: The Rise and Fall of the Tablet Computer.' Design Issues 24 (4), 3–25.

Banks, J. (2012) ‘The iPhone as Innovation Platform: Reimagining the Videogames developer’, in L. Hjorth, J. Burgess, & I. Richardson (Eds.), Studying Mobile Media: Cultural Technologies, Mobile Communication and the iPhone (pp.155-172). New York, NY: Routledge.

Berg, A.-J. (1994), ‘Technological flexibility: Bringing Gender into Technology (or was it the other way round?)’, in Cockburn, C. and Fürst Dilic, R. (eds) Bringing Technology Home - Gender and technology in a Changing Europe, Open University Press, Buckingham.

Berg, A.-J. (1994), ‘A Gendered Socio-Technical Construction: The Smart House’ in Cockburn, C. & Fürst Dilic, R.(eds), Bringing Technology Home - Gender and Technology in a Changing Europe, Open University Press, Buckingham.

Burgess, J. (2012). 'The iPhone Moment, the Apple Brand and the Creative Consumer: From “Hackability and Usability” to Cultural Generativity', in L. Hjorth, J. Burgess, & I. Richardson (Eds.), Studying Mobile Media: Cultural Technologies, Mobile Communication and the iPhone (pp.28–42). New York, NY, Routledge.

Campbell, H. (2007) ‘”What Hath God Wrought?” Considering How Religious Communities Culture (or Kosher) the Cell Phone’, Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, 21 (2), June, 191-204.

Carey, J. and Elton, M. (2009) 'The Other Path to the Web: The Forgotton Role of Videotex and Other Early Online Services', New Media and Society, 11 (1&2), 241-60.

Castells, M., Fernández-Ardèvol, M., Qui, J.L, and Sey, A. (2007) Mobile Communication and Society. A Global Perspective, MIT press, Cambridge, Mass.

Cawson, A., Haddon, L. and Miles, I. (1995) The Shape of Things to Consume: Bringing Information Technology into the Home, Avebury, London.

Chen (2011) How the iPhone unlocked the Anything Anytime Anywhere Future, De Capo Press, Cambridge, Mass.

Dong, F. (2012) 'Controlling the Internet in China: The Real Story', Convergence, 18 (94), 403-425.

Douglas, S. (1986) ‘Amateur Operators and American Broadcasting: Shaping the Future of Radio’, in Corn, J. (Ed.), Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology, and the American Future, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., pp.34-57.

Dutton, W. (1999) ‘The Social Shaping of Tele-Access. Inventing our Futures’, in Dutton, W. (Ed.), Society on the Line: Information Politics in the Digital Age, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp.79-110.

Fischer, C. (1992) America Calling. A Social History of the Telephone to 1940, University of California Press, Berkley.

Flichy, P. (1995) Dynamics of Modern Communication: The Shaping and Impact of New Communication Technologies, Sage, London.

Flichy, P. (2002) 'New Media History', in Lievrow, l and Livingstone, S. (eds) The Handbook of New media.  Social Shaping and Consequences of ICTs, Sage, London, 136-149.

Fortunati, L. (2007) Understanding Mobile Phone Design’, in Pertierra (Ed.) The Social Construction and Usage of Communication Technologies: Asian and European Experiences, University of the Philippines Press, Quezon City, pp.20-47.

Du Gay, P., Hall, S., Janes, L., Mackay, H. and Negus, K. (1997) Doing Cultural Studies. The Story of the Sony Walkman, Sage, London.

Goggin G (2009) 'Adapting the Mobile Phone: the iPhone and its Consumption'. Continuum 23: 231–244.

Goggin G (2012b) 'Google Phone Rising: The Android and the Politics of Open Source'. Continuum 26: 741–752.

Goggin, G. (2011) ‘Ubiquitous Apps: Politics of Openness in Global Mobile Cultures’, Digital Creativity, 22 (3), 148–159.

Goggin, G. (2014) 'Facebook’s Mobile Career', New Media & Society, 16(7), 1068–1086.

Goggin G and McLelland, M. (eds) (2015) Routledge Companion to Global Internet Histories. Routledge, New York.

Goldsmith B (2014) The Smartphone App Economy and App Ecosystems. In: Goggin G and Hjorth L (eds) Routledge Companion to Mobile Media, Routledge, New York, pp. 171–180.

Haddon, L. (1988) ‘The Home Computer: The Making of a Consumer Electronic', Science as Culture, 2, 7-51. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/64559/

Haddon, L. (1999) ‘The Development of Interactive Games’, in Mackay, H. and O’Sullivan, T. (eds), The Media Reader: Continuity and Transformation, Sage, London, pp.305-27. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/64822/

Herman, A. and Manzerolle, V. (2015) ‘The Rise, Fall and Future of BlackberryTM Capitalism’, in Herman, A., Hadlaw, J. and Swiss, T. (eds) Theories of the Mobile Internet: Materialities and Imaginaries, Routledge, Abingdon, pp.105-133.

Hjorth, l. (2010) Games and Gaming: An Introduction to New Media, Berg, Oxford.

Horst H.A. (2013) ‘The Infrastructures of Mobile Media: Towards a Future Research Agenda'. Mobile Media & Communication 1(1): 147–152.

Johnson, L. (1981) ‘Radio and Everyday Life: The Early Years of Broadcasting in Australia, 1922-45’, Media, Culture and Society, 3 (2), 167-78.

Kaun, A. and Stiernstedt, F. (2014) 'Facebook Time: Technological and Institutional Affordances for Media Memories', New Media and Society, 16 (7), 1154-1168.

Kirkpatrick D (2011) The Facebook Effect: The Inside Story of the Company That Is Connecting the World, Simon & Schuster, New York.

Kirkpatrick, G. (2016) ‘Making games normal: Computer gaming discourse in the 1980s’, New Media & Society, Vol. 18(8) 1439–1454.

Kline, R. (2003) ‘Resisting Consumer Technology in Rural America: The Telephone and Electrification’, in Oudshoorn, N and Pinch, T. (2003) How Users Matter. The Co-construction of Users and Technology, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp.51-66.

Kyrish, S. (2001) ‘Lessons from a “predictive history”: What Videotex told us about the World Wide Web’, Convergence, Vol.7, No.4, pp.10-29.

Lasen, A. (2005) ‘History Repeating? A Comparison of the Launch and Uses of Fixed and Mobile Phones’, in Hamill, L. and Lasen, A. (Eds.), Mobile World. Past, Present and Future, Springer, pp.29-60.

Light, J. (2006) ‘Facsimile: A Forgotten “New Medium” from the 20th Century’, New Media and Society, Vol.8, No.3, pp.355-78.

Lillie, J. (2012) 'Nokia's MMS: A Cultural Analysis of Mobile Picture Messaging', New Media and Society, 14 (1), 80-97.

Lim, S. S. (2010). “Your Phone Makes you, you”: Exploring the Youth Script in Teen Magazine Representations of Mobile Media. In S. H. Donald, T. Anderson, & D. Spry (Eds.), Youth, Society and Mobile Media in Asia Routledge, London, pp. 43–56.

Lindsay, C. (2003) 'From the Shadows: Users as Designers, Producers, Marketers, Distributors, and Technical Support', in Oudshoorn, N and Pinch, T. (eds) How Users Matter. The Co-construction of Users and Technology, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp.29-50

Marvin, C. (1988) When Old Technologies were New: Thinking about Communications in the Late Nineteenth Century, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Matsuda, M. (2005) ‘Discourses of Keitei in Japan’, in Ito, M., Matsuda, M. and Okabe, D. (eds) Personal, Portable, Pedestrian, Mobile Phones in Japanese Life, MIT Press, Mass. pp.19-40.

Moores, S. (1988) ‘“The Box on the Dresser”: Memories of Early Radio and Everyday Life’, Media, Culture and Society, 10, 23-40.

Mosemghvdlishvili, L & Jansz, J. (2013) ‘Negotiability of Technology and it’s Limitations’, Information, Communication & Society, 16:10, 1596-1618.

Noll, M. (1992) 'Anatomy of a Failure: Picturephone Revisited’, Telecommunications Policy, May-June, 307-16.

Oudshoorn, N., Rommes, E. and Stienstra, M. (2004) 'Configuring the User as Everybody: Gender and Design Cultures in Information and Communication Technologies', Science, Technology and Human Values, 29 (1), 30-63

Pierson, J. and Bauwens, J. (2014) Digital Broadcasting: An Introduction to New Media, Bloomsbury.

Qui, J. (2005) The Accidental Accomplishment of Little Smart: Understanding the Emergence of a Working Class ICT, paper for the conference ARNIC High-Level Workshop on Wireless Communication and Development, Oct 7-8,

Rakow, L. (1988) ‘Women and the Telephone: The Gendering of a Communications Technology’, in Kramerae, C.(Ed.), Technology and Women’s Voices, Routledge, London.

Regan Shade, L. (2007) ‘Feminizing the mobile: Gender scripting of mobiles in North America’, Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, 21 (2), June, 179-190.

Rommes E (2002) Gender Scripts and the Internet: The Design and Use of Amsterdam’s Digital City, Twente University Press, Enschede

Snickers, P. and Vonderau, P. (2012) Moving Data: The iPhone and the Future of Media, Colombia University Press, New York.

Spigel, L. (1992) Make Room for TV: Television and the Family Ideal in Postwar America, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Sawhaney, H. (2005) ‘Wi-Fi Networks and the Reorganization of Wireline-Wireless Relationships, in Ling, R. and Pedersen, P. (eds) Mobile Communications: Renegotiation of the Social Sphere, Springer, London, pp.45-62.

Sawhney, H. (2008) From Hierarchy to Open Configuration: stages in the Evolution of Wireless Internet. Presentation at the conference ‘The Role if New Technologies in Global Societies. Theoretical Reflections, Practical concerns, and its Implications for China, Hong Kong, 30th-31st July.

Sawhaney, H .and Lee, S. (2005) ‘Arenas of Innovation: Understanding New  Configurational Potentialities of Communication Technologies’, Media, Culture and Society, 27 (3), 391-414.

Shade, L. (2007) ‘Feminizing the Mobile: Gender Scripting on Mobiles in North America’, Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, 21 (2), June, 179-90.

de Sola Pool, I.(Ed.) (1977) The Social Impact of the Telephone, MIT Press, Cambridge.

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