Energy Security in the Baltics: Perceptions in the Midst of the Russia-Ukraine War

Author

Leon Hartwell

Author

Agnė Rakštytė

Author

Over half of Latvian residents (58%) are unwilling to pay a higher price for environmentally friendly energy

Amidst the geopolitical complexities of Eurasia, the strategic employment of energy resources has emerged as a potent tool for projecting power. Since coming to power, Vladimir Putin has wielded energy security as a means to exert influence across the region, with the pinnacle of this influence underscored during the February 2022 escalation of the Russia-Ukraine war. This paper delves into perceptions on energy in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania amidst the Russia- Ukraine war, specifically focusing on attitudes towards energy security, renewable energy sources, and energy efficiency.

Drawing upon insights from a comprehensive mixed-methods study that involved eight focus groups and a survey of approximately 4,500 individuals (over 1,500 from each Baltic state), the research illuminates key similarities and differences in public perceptions across these nations. Key findings reveal a shared concern for energy security in all three countries, coupled with a desire for sustainable and self-sufficient energy solutions. While there is broad support for a transition to renewable energy sources, preferences for specific energy types vary. The research also identifies widespread public scepticism towards government energy strategies, and varying levels of willingness to pay higher prices for environmentally friendly energy.

This analysis informs nuanced policy recommendations for Baltic states and European policymakers geared towards enhancing energy security across the region. Recommendations include more effective communication of long-term energy strategies, tailored campaigns to address scepticism towards renewable energy, and economic incentives to promote affordability and adoption of sustainable solutions.

Energy Security in the Baltics