Germany

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In brief: German findings from EU Kids Online 2020

Despite the many opportunities of being online, digitally engaged children are exposed to various cyber risks. Exposure to sexual, violent or hateful content and risks associated with personal disclosure (e.g. giving out personal information) appear quite frequently. Contact as well as conduct risks vary in incidence. While bullying (online or offline) and receiving or sending sexual messages seem quite normal, meeting online contacts offline is less common. However, only 9% of children and adolescents (aged 9 to 17) state that, in the past year, they have been bothered or upset by something they experienced online. On the contrary, meeting an online contact in real life was a pleasant experience for the majority of the children (63%). The same applies to sexual images and messages, which some participants – especially teenage boys – enjoy and even turn to actively. These findings indicate that adolescents have a different perception of online risks than adults.

Regarding digital citizenship, German findings show that most of the 9- to 17-year-olds have heard about #FridaysForFuture (83%), 39% have informed themselves on the internet and 14% have participated in demonstrations. However, the children and adolescents tend to rate their own knowledge of politics and current world affairs (internal political efficacy) as rather low. The same applies to the feeling of being able to influence political events (external political efficacy).

Highlights

  • German national report: Hasebrink, U., Lampert, C. & Thiel, K. (2019). Online-Erfahrungen von 9- bis 17-Jährigen. Ergebnisse der EU Kids Online-Befragung in Deutschland 2019. 2. überarb. Auflage. Hamburg: Verlag Hans-Bredow-Institut
    Summary in English
  • Sometimes it is not the children but their parents whose thoughtless online behaviour puts them at risk online: 9% of German children and adolescents say that their parent or carer published a picture of them without their permission, which, in some cases (4%), led to mean or hurtful comments. Thus, it is crucial to raise parents’ awareness of possible negative consequences, and to point out their children’s right to privacy.

Reports

Factsheet

Summary of findings

Recommendations

Safety guide

Questionnaire

The EU Kids Online fieldwork involved several questionnaires. First, a face to face interview with one parent. Second, a face to face interview with the child. Then a self-completion interview for sensitive questions, with one version for 9-10 year olds and one version for 11-16 year olds.

Questionnaire for parent

Questionnaire for child

Self-completion questionnaire for child (Children age 9-10)

Self-completion questionnaire for child (Children age 11-16)

Publications

2019

Hasebrink, U., Lampert, C. & Thiel, K. (2019). Online-Erfahrungen von 9- bis 17-Jährigen. Ergebnisse der EU Kids Online-Befragung in Deutschland 2019. 2. überarb. Auflage. Hamburg: Verlag Hans-Bredow-Institut
Summary in English

2017

Hasebrink, U. (2017). Onlinenutzung von Kindern und Jugendlichen im gesellschaftlichen, medialen und individuellen Wandel [Online use of children and adolescents in social, media and individual change]. In: Hoffmann, D., Krotz, F., & Reißmann, W. (eds.). Mediatisierung und Mediensozialisation: Prozesse – Räume – Praktiken. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, pp. 119-136.

Mascheroni, G., Holloway, D., Velicu, A., & Lampert, C. (2017). Good parenting discourses: representations of parents and children in relation to IoToys, In: Mascheroni, G & Holloway, D. (eds.). The Internet of Toys: A Report on Media and Social Discourses around Young Children and IoToys. DigiLitEY, pp. 43-52.

Paus-Hasebrink, I. & Hasebrink, U. (2017). Aufwachsen mit digitalen Medien. Damit sich Kinder und Jugendliche sicher durch die mediengeprägte Welt bewegen können, brauchen sie Unterstützung - von Eltern, Lehrkräften und Gleichaltrigen [Growing up with digital media. In order to be able to move safely through the media-dominated world, children and young people need support - from parents, teachers and peers. DJI Impulse, 3 (117), pp. 4-8.

Ponte, C., Velicu, A., Simões, J. A., & Lampert, C. (2017). Practices of Parenting in the Era of Smartphones. In: Vincent, J. & Haddon, L. (eds.). Smartphone Cultures. Routledge, pp. 41-54.

Velicu, A. & Lampert, C. (2017). The composite world of IoToys. In: Mascheroni, G, Holloway, D. (eds.). The Internet of Toys: A Report on Media and Social Discourses around Young Children and IoToys. DigiLitEY, pp. 15-23.

2016

Hasebrink, U. (2016). Medienkompetenz in Europa. Vom Nutzen international vergleichender Forschung. [Media literacy in Europe. On the uses of comparative research] In: Brüggemann, M. Knaus, T., Meister, D. M. (eds.). Kommunikationskulturen in digitalen Welten. Konzepte und Strategien der Medienpädagogik und Medienbildung. München: kopaed, pp. 229-242.

Hasebrink, Uwe (2016). Comparative Research. In: Jensen, K. B. (ed.): The International Encyclopedia of Communication Theory and Philosophy. John Wiley & Sons. DOI: 10.1002/9781118766804.wbiect235

Lampert, C. (2016). Crawling, Walking, Swiping – German Preschool Children's Mobile Touchscreen Use. Media Education – Studi, ricerche, buone pratiche, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 341-357.

Lampert, C. & Kühn, J. (2016): Kommunizieren, Koordinieren, Kontrollieren. Zur Rolle von mobil genutzten Instant-Messaging-Diensten in der Familie [Communicate, coordinate, control. On the role of mobile instant messaging services in the family]. Studies in Communication Sciences. Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 36-42. 

2015

Hasebrink, U. (2015). Children’s Changing Online Experiences in a Longitudinal Perspective. In: ICT Kids Online Brazil 2014. Survey on Internet Use by Children in Brazil [TIC Kids Online Brasil 2014. Pesquisa sobre o uso da internet por criancas e adolescents no Brasil]. São Paulo: CGI, pp. 203-216.

Kühn, J. & Lampert, C. (with support from L. Christof, A.-M. Jarmula, & S. Maaß) (2015). Mobile Internetnutzung von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Eine qualitative Studie zur Smartphone- und Tablet-Nutzung von Zwei- bis 14-Jährigen [Mobile Internet use of children and adolescents. A qualitative study on the smartphone and tablet usage of 2-14 year olds]. Hamburg: Verlag Hans-Bredow-Institut.

Paus-Hasebrink, I. & Hasebrink, U. (2015). Media Brands in Children’s Everyday Lives. In: Siegert, G., Förster, K., Chan-Olmsted, S. M., & Ots (eds.): Handbook of Media Branding. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 295-306.

2014

Hasebrink, U. (2014). Children’s changing online experiences in a longitudinal perspective. London. EU Kids Online.

Lampert, C. (2014): Kinder und Internet [Children and the Internet]. In: Tillmann, A., Hugger, K.-U., & Fleischer, S. (eds.). Handbuch Kinder und Medien. Wiesbaden: Springer VS, pp. 429-440.

2013

Dreyer, S., Hasebrink, U., Lampert, C., & Schröder, H.-D. (2013). Entwicklungs- und Nutzungstrends im Bereich der digitalen Medien und damit verbundene Herausforderungen für den Jugendmedienschutz [Development and use trends in the field of digital media and related challenges for the protection of minors]. Studie im Auftrag des Schweizerischen Bundesamts für Sozialversicherung. In: Beiträge zur Sozialen Sicherheit. Bericht im Rahmen des nationalen Programms Jugend und Medien, Forschungsbericht Nr. 09/13, Teilbericht II.

Dreyer, S., Hasebrink, U., Lampert, C., Schröder, H.-D. (2013): Herausforderungen für den Jugendmedienschutz durch digitale Medienumgebungen [Challenges for youth media protection through digital media environments]. Soziale Sicherheit (CHSS) Nr. 4/2013, pp. 195-199.

Hasebrink, U. & Lobe, B. (2013). The Cultural Context of Risk. On the Role of Intercultural Differences for Safer Internet Issues. In: O'Neill, B., Staksrud, E., & McLaughlin, S. (eds.). Towards a better internet for children? Policy Pillars, Players and Paradoxes. Göteborg: Nordicom, pp. 283-299.

Hasebrink, U. & Paus-Hasebrink, I. (2013). Trends in children's consumption of media. In: Lemish, D. (ed.). The Routledge International Handbook of Children, Adolescents and Media. Milton Park & London: Routledge Taylor & Francis, pp. 31-38.

Helsper, E., Kalmus, V., Hasebrink, U., Sagvari, B. & de Haan, J. (2013). Country classification: opportunities, risks, harm and parental mediation. London: EU Kids Online.

Wagner, U., Gebel, C., & Lampert, C. (2013): Zwischen Anspruch und Alltagsbewältigung: Medienerziehung in der Familie [Media education in the family]. Berlin: Vistas.

2012

Hasebrink, U., Lampert, C. (2012). Onlinenutzung von Kindern und Jugendlichen im europäischen Vergleich. Ergebnisse der 25-Länder-Studie "EU Kids Online" [Online use by children and adolescents in a European comparison. Results of the EU Kids Online survey]. Media Perspektiven 12, pp. 635-647.

Lampert, C. & Donoso, V. (2012): Bullying. In: Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., & Goerzig, A. (eds.). Children, Risk and Safety Online: Research and Policy Challenges in Comparative Perspective. Bristol: Policy Press, pp. 141-150.

Lampert, C. (2012): „Dranbleiben“. Was Eltern und Pädagogen über das „Social Web“ wissen sollten ["Stay in contact". What parents and educators should know about the social web]. Soziale Psychiatrie, 36, 1, pp. 38-39.

Dreyer, S., Hajok, D., Hasebrink, U., & Lampert, C. (2012): Jugendschutzsoftware im Elternhaus – Kenntnisse, Erwartungen und Nutzung. Stand der Forschung. [Child protection software in the home – knowledge, expectations and use. State of research.] (Arbeitspapiere des Hans-Bredow-Instituts Nr. 23) Hamburg: Verlag Hans-Bredow-Institut. 

2011

Hasebrink, U., Görzig, A., Haddon, L., Kalmus, V., &Livingstone, S. (2011). Patterns of risk and safety online. In-depth analyses from the EU Kids Online survey of 9-16 year olds and their parents in 25 countries. LSE, London: EU Kids Online.

Hasebrink, U. & Lampert, C. (2011). Kinder und Jugendliche im Web 2.0 - Befunde, Chancen und Risiken. [Children and adolescents in the Web 2.0 - Findings, opportunities and risks]. Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, 3, pp. 3-10.

Lampert, C. & Schwinge, C. (2011). Medienkompetenzförderung im Kontext des Social Web – Herausforderungen für die Medienpädagogik [Media literacy promotion in the context of the social web - challenges for media education]. In: Kammerl, R., Luca, R., & Hein, S. (eds.). Keine Bildung ohne Medien! Neue Medien als pädagogische Herausforderung. Berlin: Vistas, pp. 67-82.

Lampert, C. (2011). Aufwachsen in sozialen Netzwerken. Kontaktverhalten und Privatheit im Internet [Growing up in social networks. Contact behavior and privacy on the Internet]. In: Bundeskonferenz für Erziehungsberatung (eds.). Generation digital. Neue Medien in der Erziehungsberatung. Fürth: bke, pp. 118-130.

Lampert, C. (2011). Gewalterfahrungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Internet. [Violence experiences of children and adolescents on the Internet.] UNICEF-Report 2011, Kinder vor Gewalt schützen. Frankfurt a. M.: Fischer Verlag, pp. 75-83.

2010

Lampert, C. (2010). Was machen die anderen? Zur Onlinenutzung von Kindern im europäischen Vergleich. [What are the others doing? On the online use of children in European comparison] In: Fuhs, B., Lampert, C., Rosenstock, R. (eds.) Kinder und Jugendliche in virtuellen Erfahrungsräumen, München, kopaed, pp. 73-83.

Lampert, C. (2010). Aufwachsen in mediatisierten Lebenswelten – Impulse für die medienpädagogische Praxis und Forschung [Growing up in mediatized worlds of life – impulses for media education practice and research]. In: Bauer, P, Hoffmann, P. H., & Mayrberger, K. (eds.). Fokus Medienpädagogik. Aktuelle Forschungs- und Handlungsfelder. München: kopaed, pp. 150-159.

Schmidt, J., Lampert, C., & Schwinge, C. (2010). Nutzungspraktiken im Social Web – Impulse für die medienpädagogische Diskussion [Practices in the Social Web – Impulses for the Discussion iin Media Education] In: Herzig, B., Meister, D., Moser, H., & Niesyto, H. (eds.). Jahrbuch Medienpädagogik 8 – Medienkompetenz und Web 2.0. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, pp. 255-270.

2009

Hasebrink, U. (2009). Gemeinsamkeiten identifizieren, Unterschiede erklären. Herausforderungen und Ertrag international vergleichender Forschung am Beispiel der Onlinenutzung von Kindern und Jugendlichen [Identify commonalities, explain differences. Challenges and results of international comparative research using the example of the online use of children and adolescents]. In: Schulz, P. J., Hartung, U., & Keller, S. (eds.). Identität und Vielfalt der Kommunikationswissenschaft. Konstanz: UVK, pp. 243-263.

Hasebrink, U., Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., & Olafsson, K. (2009). Comparing Children’s Online Opportunities and Risks across Europe: Cross-National Comparisons for EU Kids Online. 2nd edition. London: EU Kids Online.

Lampert, C. (2009): EU Kids Online – Kinder und Internetnutzung in Europa [EU Kids Online – Kids and Internet use in Europe]. Kinder- und Jugendschutz in Wissenschaft und Praxis, 54, 1, pp. 7-11.

Paus-Hasebrink, I. & Hasebrink, U. (2011). Vergleichende Forschung als Kooperationsstrategie. Das Beispiel EU Kids Online [Comparing research as strategy of cooperation. EU Kids Online as an example.]. In: Stark, B., Magin, M., Maurer, M., & Jandura, O. (eds.). Methodische Herausforderungen komparativer Forschungsansätze. Köln: Herbert von Halem-Verlag. 

Presentations

2019

C. Lampert, Rechlitz, M., Kammerl, R. & Müller, J. (2019). (Deep) Mediatized Family Life: The Role of Media in Parent-Child Interaction. Conference „Reconceptualising Early Childhood Literacies: An International Conference“. Manchester, 7 March 2019.

Milosevic, T., Lampert, C. & Trueltzsch-Wijnen, C. (2019). The media representations of IoToys – implications for public understanding and children’s rights. Conference „Reconceptualising Early Childhood Literacies: An International Conference“. Manchester, 7 March 2019.

C. Lampert (2019). ‚Gesunder‘ Umgang mit Medien im Familienalltag. Paediatric Research. Leipzig, 2 March 2019.

C. Lampert. (2019). Kinder brauchen medienkompetente Vorbilder – Herausforderungen für den Medienumgang in der Familie [Children need media competent role models - challenges for media handling in the family], Conference „Digitaler Familienalltag: Mediennutzung und frühe Kindheit“ ["Digital Family Life: Media Use and Early Childhood."] Berlin, 5 February 2019.

2018

Lampert, C. (2018). Aufwachsen in kommerzialisierten Lebenswelten [Growing up in commercialized worlds], presentation at the conference „Du willst es! Du kriegst es! Ist eine Erziehung zum Verzicht möglich?“ [You want it! You got it! Is an education to renounce possible?] of the Landesstelle Jugendschutz Niedersachsen. Hannover, 5 December 2018.

Hasebrink, U., Rechlitz, M., Dreyer, S., Brüggen, N., Gebel C. & Lampert, C. (2018). What are you concerned about? Classifying children’s and parents‘ concerns regarding online communication . ECC, Lugano, 1 November 2018.

Trültzsch-Wijnen, C. & Lampert, C. (2018). Smart Toys in Public Discourse: A Case Study of Germany and Austria. ICA, Prague, 25 Mai 2018.

Lampert, C. (2018). Mobile Medien in der elterlichen Medienerziehung, Annual Conference of the German Association for Educational Science (DGfE). Essen, 20 March 2018. 

2017

Lampert, C. (2017). Digitale Spielsachen für die „Kleinen“ – Spielmittel oder -ware? [Digital toys for the "little ones" – toys or products?] 13. Interdisciplinary conference of the JFF on „Kinderspiel in digitalen Lebenswelten. Neue Perspektiven in der frühen Bildung“ [Child's play in digital worlds. New perspectives in early education]. Munich, 1 December 2017.

Hasebrink, U. (2017). Medien im Alltag von Kindern und Jugendlichen: Ein Kristallisationspunkt gesellschaftlichen Wandels [Media in everyday life of children and adolescents: A point of social change]. Keynote at Kindermedienkongress 2017. Munich, 8 November 2017.

Hasebrink, U. (2017). Jugendmedienschutzindex: Der Umgang mit onlinebezogenen Risiken. Ergebnisse der Befragung von Heranwachsenden und Eltern [Youth media protection index: dealing with online risks. Results of the survey of adolescents and parents]. Berlin, 7 November 2017.

Hasebrink, U. (2017). Welche Medienkompetenz brauchen Familien in der digitalen Gesellschaft? [Which media literacy do families need in the digital society?]. Berlin, 25 September 2017.

Lampert, C. (2017). Wie verändern Smartphone, Tablet & Co das Familienleben? [How do smartphone, tablet & co change family life?] Conference „Nur Mut! Hilfebeziehungen zwischen Zwang, Handlungsdruck und Achtsamkeit“ [Courage! Help relationships between coercion, pressure to act and attentiveness]. Cologne, 7 July 2017.

Lampert, C. (2017). Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram – wie gefährlich ist das Netz für Kinder und Jugendliche? [Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram – how dangerous is the web for children and adolescents?] European Expert Discussion of the Association of German Family Organizations „Digitale Kindheit – Wie wird das Internet in Deutschland und Europa für Kinder und Jugendliche sicher?“ [Digital Childhood - How to Make the Internet Safe for Children and Young People in Germany and Europe]. Berlin, 3 July 2017.

Hasebrink, U. (2017). Children’s and young people’s online practices and well-being: On the need to permanently reinvent the wheel. Keynote at the European Expert Conference on Youth and Digital Media “Children and Youth on the Net”. Luxembourg, 27 April 2017. 

2016

Hasebrink, U. & Lampert, C. (2016). Content │ Contract │ Contact │ Conduct: translating a risks and opportunities classification into a children’s rights framework. Paper presented to the IAMCR 2016 Pre-conference „Children‘s and young people’s rights in the digital age“ at LSE. London, 26 July 2016.

2015

Lampert, C. (2015). Children and Mobile Media. Workshop during the Social Media Week. Hamburg, 23 February 2015.

2014

Lampert, C., Wagner & U., Gebel, C. (2014). Empowering Parents for Media Education. ECREA. Lissabon, 13 November 2014.

Lampert, C. (2014). Aufwachsen mit Medien, eine Herausforderung für den Familienalltag [Growing up with media, a challenge for everyday family life]. Media week „Facebook, Smartphones, Daily Sopas – diktieren Medien das Familienleben?“[ "Facebook, Smartphones, Daily Sopas - do media dictate family life?"]. Luxemburg, 5 November 2014.

Dreyer, S., Lampert, C., Schulze, A. (2014). Kinder und Onlinewerbung [Children and Online Advertising]. Conference „‘Vielleicht könnte das ja Werbung sein.‘ Zum Umgang von Kindern mit Werbung im Internet.“ ['Maybe it could be advertising.' On how children deal with advertising on the Internet.] Berlin, 3 November 2014.

Lampert, C. (2014). Mobile Internetnutzung von Kindern und Jugendlichen – Herausforderungen für die Praxis [Mobile Internet use of children and adolescents – challenges for practice]. Conference at the Institut für Schule und Medien Berlin-Brandenburg (LISUM). Ludwigsfelde, 27 September 2014.

2013

Hasebrink, U., Lampert, C. (2013). Risiko, Rischio, Ryzyko – Onlinerisiken aus der Perspektive europäischer Kinder. Ergebnisse aus dem Projekt EU Kids Online [Online risks from the perspective of European children. Results from the EU Kids Online-project], Conference „Kinder im Netz. Aktuelle Befunde und Handlungsansätze“ ["Children on the net. Current findings and approaches"]. Hamburg, 25 June 2013.

Lampert, C. (2013). Kompetent oder verloren im Netz? Wie nutzen Kinder und Jugendliche Angebote im Internet? [Competent or lost in the net? How do children and young people use the Internet?] CCKids-Fachforum „Verloren im Netz? Medienkompetenzförderung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen“[ ["Lost in the net? Promoting media literacy among children and young people"]. Hamburg, 16 April 2013.

2011

Hasebrink, U. (2011). Onlinenutzung und Onlinerisiken von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Europa. Ergebnisse des Projekts EU Kids Online II [Online us and online risks of children and young people in Europe. Findings from the EU Kids Online network]. Paper presented to the Board of the Media Authority of Lower Saxonia. Hannover, 6 April 6 2011.

Lampert, C. (2011). Kompetent und verloren im Netz – wie nutzen Kinder und Jugendliche die Angebote im Internet? [Competent and lost on the Internet - how do children and young people use the Internet?] Conference „Verloren im Netz! Virtuelle Welten – Fluch oder Segen?!“ ["Lost in the net! Virtual worlds - curse or blessing?"]. Siegen, 27 September 2011.

2010

Hasebrink, U. (2010). Die Nutzung sozialer Netzwerke im Internet durch Jugendliche [Young people's use of social networking sites], Paper presented to the 19th Federal Congress for School Psychology. Hameln, 18 November 2010.

Lampert, C. (2010). Vernetzt oder verfangen in virtuellen Welten. Chancen, Risiken und Nebenwirkungen der Onlinennutzung. Conference of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kinder- und Jugendmedienschutz Hamburg e.V. „In virtuellen Welten unterwegs – Kompetenzen und Risiken für Kinder und Jugendliche“. ["Travelling in virtual worlds – skills and risks for children and young people"]. Hamburg, 24 February 2010.

2009

Hasebrink, U. & Lampert, C. (2009). EU Kids Online - Ergebnisse eines europäischen Forschungsverbunds [EU Kids Online - Results of a European research network]. Paper presented to the Medienforum Northrhine Westphalia. Cologne,24 June 2009.

Paus-Hasebrink, I., Lampert, & C., Hasebrink, U. (2009). Social Network Sites – Challenges for Media Literacy. EU Kids Online Conference. London, 11 June 2009.

German team

Uwe Hasebrink_Hans-Bredow-Institut

Professor Dr Uwe Hasebrink is the Director of the Leibniz Institute for Media Research/Hans-Bredow-Institut (HBI) and Professor for Empirical Communication Research at the University of Hamburg. His main research interests are audience and reception research and European media and public spheres. He has been a member of the Executive Board of the European Communication Research and Education Association (ECREA) from 2004 to 2012. Since 20145, he has been the coordinator of the EU Kids Online network.

HBI_Lampert

Dr Claudia Lampert is a senior researcher at the Leibniz Institute for Media Research/Hans-Bredow-Institut (HBI). Her research interests are in the field of media socialisation, media education, media literacy and health communication. She is involved in several projects and initiatives, which focus on the role of digital media in the everyday lives of children and adolescents, e.g. the nationwide awareness initiative "SCHAU HIN!" or the German initiative "Erfurter Netcode" (www.erfurter-netcode.de), which supports quality websites for children.

KiraThiel

Kira Thiel is junior researcher at the Leibniz Institute for Media Research/Hans-Bredow-Institut (HBI). Her research interests include multimedia induced emotions in the daily lives of children and adolescents as well as coping with negative media experiences.

Contact

Leibniz Institute for Media Research |Hans-Bredow-Institut (HBI), Rothenbaumchaussee 36, 20148 Hamburg, Germany

Email: c.lampert@leibniz-hbi.de