This report examines the experiences of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children in London who are looked after by local authorities. Commissioned by London Councils and the Association of London Directors of Children’s Services, and delivered by the University of Bedfordshire and LSE in partnership with the South London Refugee Association, the research adopts a participatory approach that places young people’s voices at the centre.
Findings show that current asylum and care systems often prioritise process over protection. Lengthy delays in asylum decisions and age assessments create significant anxiety, mental health challenges, and disruption to education and integration. Mis-age assessments and prolonged procedures leave children vulnerable to homelessness, adult accommodation, and exploitation. Many young people lack accessible information about their rights and the asylum process, often relying on peers or charities rather than professionals for guidance.
Social care experiences vary widely. Positive relationships with social workers and foster carers foster belonging and well-being, while poor practice amplifies isolation and fear. Despite these challenges, young people aspire to education, employment, and contributing to society. Supportive relationships and community spaces are vital for their sense of safety and belonging. However, risks such as racism, violence, and fears of detention or removal compound vulnerabilities, particularly during periods of political hostility and policy uncertainty.
The report recommends introducing independent legal guardianship, trauma-informed asylum processes, protective leave to remain, and timely access to expert legal representation. Local authorities should embed immigration and nationality support in care planning, prioritise integration, and extend care and financial support up to age 25 regardless of immigration status. Systemic reforms must reduce age disputes, accelerate decision-making, and create regional hubs for social work training and peer support. A child-first approach is essential to safeguard well-being and secure durable futures for unaccompanied children and young people.