AI in education: Human-centred approach key to lasting impact

A new paper by Michael Muthukrishna and co-authors challenges the notion that artificial intelligence (AI) alone can deliver a “silver bullet” solution to educational inequality and underperformance.

The authors, writing in the Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, contend that AI’s promise depends on embedding it within human-centred, adaptive systems that nurture teacher capacity, local culture, and equity.

Drawing on lessons from past technology initiatives, the paper contrasts failures such as the “One Laptop Per Child” project with more adaptive models like Uruguay’s Plan Ceibal, which paired technology with teacher training and institutional reform. The researchers stress that AI should not be viewed as a stand-alone solution but as one tool within a complex ecosystem of people, infrastructure, and culture.

The study adopts a cultural evolution perspective, highlighting how new technologies interact with social norms and institutions. Without careful planning, AI risks exacerbating inequalities, reinforcing biases, or leaving vulnerable communities behind.

Ultimately, the authors call for a human-centred roadmap that invests in teacher development, local adaptation, and systemic flexibility. They conclude that AI’s promise lies not in replacing educators, but in empowering them and strengthening the capabilities of learners worldwide.