Dr Paul Keenan SAR 2.13

This course is available on the BA in History, BA in Social Anthropology, BSc in History and Politics, BSc in International Relations and History, BSc in Politics and History and BSc in Social Anthropology. This course is available as an outside option to students on other programmes where regulations permit and to General Course students.

May be taken by 3rd years, General Course students and as an outside option where regulations, timetabling constraints and teaching capacity permit.

The course provides an introduction to the history of the Russian empire during the ‘long eighteenth century’; that is, from the accession of Peter I (the Great) in 1682 to the death of Alexander I in 1825. This period is commonly considered to be transformational in terms of Russia’s development, both domestically and internationally. Successive Russian rulers throughout this period attempted to overcome the traditional weaknesses of the Russian state (with varying degrees of success) in what some historians have described as a process of ‘modernisation’. Yet the narrative of autocratic rule and centralising reforms masks a complicated series of relationships and negotiations at work between the ruler, the apparatus of the Russian state, and the various groups within Russian society. This was complicated further still as the Russian empire annexed neighbouring territories, with their own institutions and traditions, including Ukraine, Siberia, Poland, and Finland. This ambitious and aggressive imperial expansion helped to establish Russia as one of Europe’s ‘Great Powers’ by the end of this period, playing a key role in the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte and establishing the post-war settlement in Europe after 1815, but this was achieved at a very significant cost. The Decembrist Revolt, which followed Alexander I’s death in 1825, arose from critical questions amongst a disaffected imperial elite about the nature and direction of Russia’s development over the preceding century, thereby providing a useful conclusion for the course.

The course is organised in a broadly chronological fashion but there are several themes that are addressed throughout the period. These themes include: the nature and extent of autocratic rule in Russia; the role and influence of the Orthodox Church; the relationship between the ruler, the elite and the other major social groups in Russia; the significance of serfdom for Russia’s economic, institutional and legal development; the aims and outcomes of major reforms under successive Russian rulers; the impact and influence of European ideas (such as the Enlightenment) in Russia; the multi-ethnic nature of the Russian empire; resistance and accommodation in the Russian imperial contact; the relationship between Russia and other European/international powers.

10 hours of lectures and 10 hours of classes in the Autumn Term. 10 hours of lectures and 10 hours of classes in the Winter Term. 1 hour of lectures in the Spring Term.

There will be a reading week in the Autumn and the Winter terms.

Students will be required to write three essays, one of which will be done under examination conditions.

A full reading list will be provided at the start of the course. Useful introductory works include: E. Kimerling-Wirtschafter, Russia's Age of Serfdom; N. S. Kollman, The Russian Empire, 1450-1801; J. Hartley, A Social History of the Russian Empire 1650-1825; S. Dixon, The Modernization of Russia: 1676-1825; M. Raeff, Understanding Imperial Russia: State and Society in the Old Regime; J. Billington, The Icon and the Axe; An Interpretive History of Russian Culture; A. Kahan, The Plow, the Hammer and the Knout: An Economic History of 18th-Century Russia; P. Dukes, The Making of Russian Absolutism, 1613-1801; D. Saunders, Russia in the Age of Reaction and Reform, 1801-1881.

Exam (65%, duration: 2 hours) in the spring exam period.
Presentation (20%) and class participation (15%) in the AT and WT.