{"id":78908,"date":"2025-06-03T14:05:00","date_gmt":"2025-06-03T13:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=78908"},"modified":"2025-06-24T14:11:18","modified_gmt":"2025-06-24T13:11:18","slug":"low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Low-EFFourth: A computational framework for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in low-dimensional systems"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p>This paper introduces Low-EFFourth (LEF4), a MATLAB-based computational framework designed for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in continuous dynamical systems. Initially developed to address questions in climate modelling, LEF4 can also be used in other disciplines such as epidemiology, economics, and engineering, with minimal modifications to the code. The framework provides an efficient and flexible approach for investigating uncertainties arising from initial conditions, model parameters, numerical methods, and model formulation. This preprint serves as a formal reference for the LEF4 codebase and provides a concise technical and conceptual overview of its purpose, structure, applications and development pipeline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vir&iacute;ssimo, F.D.M., 2025. Low-EFFourth: A computational framework for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in low-dimensional systems.&nbsp;<em>arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.03313<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p>This paper introduces Low-EFFourth (LEF4), a MATLAB-based computational framework designed for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in continuous dynamical&hellip;<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"template":"","tags":[830,104],"publication-type":[436],"topic_area":[4690],"class_list":["post-78908","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry","tag-climate-change-modelling","tag-modelling","publication-type-research-articles","topic_area-climate-science-and-impacts"],"acf":{"show_translations_widget":{"ref_value":"field_6203d588c41e8","value":"0","type":false,"post_type":""},"downloads":{"ref_value":"field_52f16cc1a80f2","value":false,"type":"repeater","post_type":""},"rss_newsletter":{"ref_value":"field_54f5c2c1544d8","value":"","type":false,"post_type":""},"profile_link":{"ref_value":"field_52f164b5189e9","value":["francisco-de-melo-virissimo"],"type":"relationship","post_type":"profile"},"article_link":{"ref_value":"field_52eee3c7f0586","value":"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2506.03313","type":false,"post_type":""},"article_link_title":{"ref_value":"field_5322399d89d42","value":"External link to article","type":false,"post_type":""},"spotlight":{"ref_value":"field_52f80896506d3","value":"","type":false,"post_type":""}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Low-EFFourth: A computational framework for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in low-dimensional systems - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Low-EFFourth: A computational framework for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in low-dimensional systems - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This paper introduces Low-EFFourth (LEF4), a MATLAB-based computational framework designed for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in continuous dynamical...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-24T13:11:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems\\\/\",\"name\":\"Low-EFFourth: A computational framework for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in low-dimensional systems - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-03T13:05:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-24T13:11:18+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Publications\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/?post_type=publication\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"All research\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication-type\\\/new-research\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Research article\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication-type\\\/research-articles\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Low-EFFourth: A computational framework for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in low-dimensional systems\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/\",\"name\":\"Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\",\"description\":\"The Grantham Research Institute at LSE carries out world-class research on climate change and the environment.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Low-EFFourth: A computational framework for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in low-dimensional systems - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Low-EFFourth: A computational framework for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in low-dimensional systems - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","og_description":"This paper introduces Low-EFFourth (LEF4), a MATLAB-based computational framework designed for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in continuous dynamical...","og_url":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems\/","og_site_name":"Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","article_modified_time":"2025-06-24T13:11:18+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems\/","url":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems\/","name":"Low-EFFourth: A computational framework for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in low-dimensional systems - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-06-03T13:05:00+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-24T13:11:18+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/low-effourth-a-computational-framework-for-generating-and-studying-multilevel-model-ensembles-in-low-dimensional-systems\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Publications","item":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/?post_type=publication"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"All research","item":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/new-research\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Research article","item":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/research-articles\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":5,"name":"Low-EFFourth: A computational framework for generating and studying multilevel model ensembles in low-dimensional systems"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/","name":"Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","description":"The Grantham Research Institute at LSE carries out world-class research on climate change and the environment.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"}]}},"taxonomies":{"post_tag":["climate change modelling","modelling"],"publication-type":["Research article"],"topic_area":["Climate science and impacts"]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/78908","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/78908\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":78909,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/78908\/revisions\/78909"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78908"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78908"},{"taxonomy":"publication-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication-type?post=78908"},{"taxonomy":"topic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic_area?post=78908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}