{"id":64010,"date":"2023-01-23T09:13:46","date_gmt":"2023-01-23T09:13:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=64010"},"modified":"2024-08-19T14:36:22","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T13:36:22","slug":"skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\/","title":{"rendered":"Skills and wage gaps in the low-carbon transition: comparing job vacancy data from the US and UK"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p>What are low-carbon jobs and where are they emerging? What skills are needed to fill these roles and are they already present in the labour force in the right locations? Do low-carbon jobs pay a good wage? How can we ensure workers in jobs at risk from the low-carbon transition are not left behind?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This report provides a detailed characterisation of low-carbon jobs from the last decade in the United States and the United Kingdom. It brings new evidence to support policy discussions. The report draws out the characteristics of low-carbon jobs in general, and aspects that are driven by distinctive national patterns. It summarises findings from a recent Grantham Research Institute <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/whos-fit-for-the-low-carbon-transition-emerging-skills-and-wage-gaps-in-job-ad-data\/\">working paper<\/a> by Saussay et al. (2022) that uses online job vacancy data to develop a novel methodology to precisely identify low-carbon jobs and characterise the skill requirements and other attributes of low-carbon jobs in the US between 2010 and 2019. It then presents and compares these findings with new results from a similar analysis on the UK carried out for the period 2012 to 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The job advertisement data combined with methods developed in this research offer a powerful toolkit for understanding the changing demand for skills in the low-carbon transition and quantifying reallocation costs associated with reskilling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Main messages<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Low-carbon jobs are systematically more skills-intensive than other jobs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Across the US and UK, low-carbon jobs have greater requirements for technical, managerial and social skills compared with other jobs. Low-carbon jobs require higher-level IT and cognitive skills too, which are also in high demand due to the ongoing digital transformation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The emerging skill gap resulting from the low-carbon transition is therefore larger and broader than previously considered.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While high-carbon manual jobs are extremely spatially concentrated around centres of fossil fuel extraction, low-carbon vacancies are more dispersed in both the US and UK. This is true for both high- and low-skill occupations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the UK, low-carbon jobs are concentrated in occupations that pay higher wages but exploring the wage gap within narrowly defined occupational groups reveals there has been a shift over the last decade. In the earlier half of the 2010s, low-carbon jobs paid a positive wage premium of up to 15% in most occupations but in the most recent data, a wage gap between low-carbon and similar generic jobs has largely eroded in both the US and UK.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The lack of a positive wage premium in recent years despite these jobs having higher skill requirements is problematic for attracting workers into low-carbon jobs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Potentially high labour reallocation costs need to be factored into policy decisions and economic modelling.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Policies are likely needed to support low-skill extraction workers who face limited alternative local employment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p>This report provides a detailed characterisation of low-carbon jobs from the last decade in the United States and the United Kingdom, bringing new evidence to support policy discussions. <\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":51807,"template":"","tags":[571,4132,4275,572,437,229,4274],"publication-type":[1682],"topic_area":[4694,4696],"class_list":["post-64010","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-green-jobs","tag-low-carbon-jobs","tag-occupations","tag-skills","tag-uk","tag-usa","tag-wages","publication-type-policy-publications","topic_area-policy-evaluation","topic_area-uk-emissions-policy"],"acf":{"exclude_from_sync":{"ref_value":"field_560538b0e7350","value":"0","type":false,"post_type":""},"show_translations_widget":{"ref_value":"field_6203d588c41e8","value":"0","type":false,"post_type":""},"downloads":{"ref_value":"field_52f16cc1a80f2","value":["https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition_Comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-US-and-UK.pdf"],"type":"download","post_type":""},"rss_newsletter":{"ref_value":"field_54f5c2c1544d8","value":"","type":false,"post_type":""},"profile_link":{"ref_value":"field_52f164b5189e9","value":["misato-sato","leanne-cass","aurelien-saussay","francesco-vona","leo-mercer","layla-okane"],"type":"relationship","post_type":"profile"},"spotlight":{"ref_value":"field_52f80896506d3","value":"","type":false,"post_type":""}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Skills and wage gaps in the low-carbon transition: comparing job vacancy data from the US and UK - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This report provides a detailed characterisation of low-carbon jobs from the last decade in the United States and the United Kingdom, bringing new evidence to support policy discussions.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Skills and wage gaps in the low-carbon transition: comparing job vacancy data from the US and UK - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This report provides a detailed characterisation of low-carbon jobs from the last decade in the United States and the United Kingdom, bringing new evidence to support policy discussions.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-19T13:36:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/iStock-1079093412-800x533.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"533\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\\\/\",\"name\":\"Skills and wage gaps in the low-carbon transition: comparing job vacancy data from the US and UK - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/iStock-1079093412.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-23T09:13:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-19T13:36:22+00:00\",\"description\":\"This report provides a detailed characterisation of low-carbon jobs from the last decade in the United States and the United Kingdom, bringing new evidence to support policy discussions.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/iStock-1079093412.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/07\\\/iStock-1079093412.jpg\",\"width\":2121,\"height\":1414,\"caption\":\"A worker Installing thermal roof insulation layer using mineral wool panels. Photo: iStock\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Publications\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/?post_type=publication\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Policy publication\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/?publication-type=policy-publications\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Skills and wage gaps in the low-carbon transition: comparing job vacancy data from the US and UK\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/\",\"name\":\"Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\",\"description\":\"The Grantham Research Institute at LSE carries out world-class research on climate change and the environment.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Skills and wage gaps in the low-carbon transition: comparing job vacancy data from the US and UK - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","description":"This report provides a detailed characterisation of low-carbon jobs from the last decade in the United States and the United Kingdom, bringing new evidence to support policy discussions.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Skills and wage gaps in the low-carbon transition: comparing job vacancy data from the US and UK - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","og_description":"This report provides a detailed characterisation of low-carbon jobs from the last decade in the United States and the United Kingdom, bringing new evidence to support policy discussions.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\/","og_site_name":"Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","article_modified_time":"2024-08-19T13:36:22+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":533,"url":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/iStock-1079093412-800x533.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\/","url":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\/","name":"Skills and wage gaps in the low-carbon transition: comparing job vacancy data from the US and UK - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/iStock-1079093412.jpg","datePublished":"2023-01-23T09:13:46+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-19T13:36:22+00:00","description":"This report provides a detailed characterisation of low-carbon jobs from the last decade in the United States and the United Kingdom, bringing new evidence to support policy discussions.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/iStock-1079093412.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/iStock-1079093412.jpg","width":2121,"height":1414,"caption":"A worker Installing thermal roof insulation layer using mineral wool panels. Photo: iStock"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/skills-and-wage-gaps-in-the-low-carbon-transition-comparing-job-vacancy-data-from-the-us-and-uk\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Publications","item":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/?post_type=publication"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Policy publication","item":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/?publication-type=policy-publications"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"Skills and wage gaps in the low-carbon transition: comparing job vacancy data from the US and UK"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/","name":"Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","description":"The Grantham Research Institute at LSE carries out world-class research on climate change and the environment.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"}]}},"taxonomies":{"post_tag":["green jobs","low-carbon jobs","occupations","skills","UK","USA","wages"],"publication-type":["Policy publication"],"topic_area":["Policy evaluation","UK emissions policy"]},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/iStock-1079093412.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/64010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/64010\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":64413,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/64010\/revisions\/64413"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64010"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64010"},{"taxonomy":"publication-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication-type?post=64010"},{"taxonomy":"topic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic_area?post=64010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}