{"id":14926,"date":"2015-05-28T09:31:14","date_gmt":"2015-05-28T09:31:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/?post_type=publication&#038;p=14926"},"modified":"2024-08-19T14:29:52","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T13:29:52","slug":"statistical-corruption-in-beijings-air-quality-data-has-likely-ended-in-2012","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/statistical-corruption-in-beijings-air-quality-data-has-likely-ended-in-2012\/","title":{"rendered":"Statistical corruption in Beijing&#8217;s air quality data has likely ended in 2012"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p>This research documents changes in likely misreporting in official air quality data from Beijing for the years 2008 to 2013. It is shown that, consistent with prior research, the official Chinese data report suspiciously few observations that exceed the politically important Blue Sky Day threshold and an excess of observations just below that threshold. Similar data, measured by the US Embassy in Beijing, do not show this irregularity. To document likely misreporting, this analysis compares the air quality measurements to Benford&rsquo;s Law, a statistical regularity known to fit air pollution data. I find that the Chinese data fit Benford&rsquo;s Law poorly until a change in air quality measurements at the end of 2012. From 2013 onwards, the Chinese data fit Benford&rsquo;s Law closely. The US Embassy data, by contrast, exhibit no variation over time in the fit with Benford&rsquo;s Law, implying that the underlying pollution processes remain unchanged. These findings suggest that misreporting of air quality data for Beijing has likely ended in 2012.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p>This research documents changes in likely misreporting in official air quality data from Beijing for the years 2008 to 2013. The findings suggest that misreporting of air quality data for Beijing has likely ended in 2012.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"template":"","tags":[403,726,727,728,154,729],"publication-type":[435],"topic_area":[4694,4706,4702],"class_list":["post-14926","publication","type-publication","status-publish","hentry","tag-air-pollution","tag-air-quality-data","tag-beijing","tag-benfords-law","tag-china","tag-misreporting","publication-type-working-papers","topic_area-policy-evaluation","topic_area-major-emitting-countries","topic_area-air-pollution"],"acf":{"downloads":{"ref_value":"field_52f16cc1a80f2","value":["https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/Working-Paper-194-Stoerk.pdf"],"type":"download","post_type":""},"rss_newsletter":{"ref_value":"field_54f5c2c1544d8","value":"","type":false,"post_type":""},"profile_link":{"ref_value":"field_52f164b5189e9","value":["thomas-stoerk"],"type":"relationship","post_type":"profile"},"spotlight":{"ref_value":"field_52f80896506d3","value":"","type":false,"post_type":""},"exclude_from_sync":{"ref_value":"field_560538b0e7350","value":"0","type":false,"post_type":""}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Statistical corruption in Beijing&#039;s air quality data has likely ended in 2012 - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/statistical-corruption-in-beijings-air-quality-data-has-likely-ended-in-2012\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Statistical corruption in Beijing&#039;s air quality data has likely ended in 2012 - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This research documents changes in likely misreporting in official air quality data from Beijing for the years 2008 to 2013. The findings suggest that misreporting of air quality data for Beijing has likely ended in 2012.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/statistical-corruption-in-beijings-air-quality-data-has-likely-ended-in-2012\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-19T13:29:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/statistical-corruption-in-beijings-air-quality-data-has-likely-ended-in-2012\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/statistical-corruption-in-beijings-air-quality-data-has-likely-ended-in-2012\\\/\",\"name\":\"Statistical corruption in Beijing's air quality data has likely ended in 2012 - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2015-05-28T09:31:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-19T13:29:52+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/statistical-corruption-in-beijings-air-quality-data-has-likely-ended-in-2012\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/statistical-corruption-in-beijings-air-quality-data-has-likely-ended-in-2012\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication\\\/statistical-corruption-in-beijings-air-quality-data-has-likely-ended-in-2012\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Publications\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/?post_type=publication\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"All research\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication-type\\\/new-research\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Working paper\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/publication-type\\\/working-papers\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Statistical corruption in Beijing&#8217;s air quality data has likely ended in 2012\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/\",\"name\":\"Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\",\"description\":\"The Grantham Research Institute at LSE carries out world-class research on climate change and the environment.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Statistical corruption in Beijing's air quality data has likely ended in 2012 - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/statistical-corruption-in-beijings-air-quality-data-has-likely-ended-in-2012\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Statistical corruption in Beijing's air quality data has likely ended in 2012 - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","og_description":"This research documents changes in likely misreporting in official air quality data from Beijing for the years 2008 to 2013. 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