{"id":79007,"date":"2025-07-04T12:07:08","date_gmt":"2025-07-04T11:07:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/?post_type=project&#038;p=79007"},"modified":"2025-07-04T12:07:12","modified_gmt":"2025-07-04T11:07:12","slug":"the-economics-of-air-pollution-eap","status":"publish","type":"project","link":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/projects\/the-economics-of-air-pollution-eap\/","title":{"rendered":"The Economics of Air Pollution (EAP)"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><article class=\"intro block block--fullwidth  has-blue-background-color\">\n    <div class=\"intro__inner block__inner\">\n                    <div class=\"intro__text\">\n                \n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p>Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental and public health emergencies that the world is currently facing. Exposure to air pollutants, such as particulate matter, can have detrimental effects on health, cognition, and can also affect human behaviour. This can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses, premature death, and also to other negative economic consequences such as lower educational outcomes, higher crime rates, and reduced labour productivity.<\/p>\n<p>Our group of LSE-based economists and behavioral scientists analyses various complex aspects of the economics of air pollution (ambient and indoor), including the costs of air pollution, the health and well-being impacts of pollution, policy solutions and effectiveness,&nbsp;and the implications for inequality to better understand how to make progress in reducing the harms from air pollution.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Our group produces world leading academic research and is also available to advise and support policy makers at the local, national, and international level.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n                            <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"intro__media\">\n                <div class=\"intro__image img-fit\">\n                    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"482\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Shanghai_Puxi_District.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Shanghai_Puxi_District.jpg 724w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Shanghai_Puxi_District-350x233.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\">                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n\n\n    <section class=\"partners block\">\n        <div class=\"partners__inner block__inner-\">\n                            <div class=\"partners__heading section-heading section-heading--has-heading\">\n    <div class=\"section-heading__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"section-heading__heading\">Featured links<\/h2>\n        \n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                        <div class=\"partners__subheading\">\n                    <p>Camden Household Air Monitoring Project<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"partners__items\">\n                                    <div class=\"partners__item\">\n                                                                                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/geography-and-environment\/news\/indoor-air-pollution-in-camden\" target=\"\">\n                                                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/camden_lock.jpg\" alt=\"\">\n                                                            <\/a>\n                                                                        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n    <section class=\"cards block block--fullwidth cards--layout-columns cards--has-heading block--background block--background-blue cards--background-blue cards--columns-3\">\n        <div class=\"cards__inner block__inner\">\n            <div class=\"section-heading section-heading--has-heading\">\n    <div class=\"section-heading__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"section-heading__heading\">Selected Research Publications<\/h2>\n        \n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"cards__row\">\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--has-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media\" role=\"presentation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media-inner img-fit\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"485\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/NY-air-pollution-juan-ordonez-XwWYSfHI_SE-unsplash-768x485.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/NY-air-pollution-juan-ordonez-XwWYSfHI_SE-unsplash-768x485.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/NY-air-pollution-juan-ordonez-XwWYSfHI_SE-unsplash-350x221.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/NY-air-pollution-juan-ordonez-XwWYSfHI_SE-unsplash-800x505.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/NY-air-pollution-juan-ordonez-XwWYSfHI_SE-unsplash.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"g-card__label\" tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/working-papers\/\">Working paper<\/a>         <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/clean-identification-the-effects-of-the-clean-air-act-on-air-pollution-exposure-disparities-and-house-prices\/\" title=\"Clean identification? The effects of the Clean Air Act on air pollution, exposure disparities and house prices\">Clean identification? The effects of the Clean Air Act on air pollution, exposure disparities and house prices<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__meta\">\n                \n                <div class=\"g-card__meta-inner\">\n                    <div class=\"post-meta\">\n            <a class=\"post-meta__label\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/working-papers\/\">\n            Working paper        <\/a>\n    \n            <div class=\"post-meta__authors\">\n            <span class=\"post-meta__prefix\">\n                                    by                            <\/span>\n            <a class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/lutz-sager\/\">Lutz Sager<\/a> and <a class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/gregor-singer-2\/\">Gregor Singer<\/a>        <\/div>\n    \n            on 3 September, 2023    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        \n        \n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 2v-.55l-6-1.83 6-5.59v-.72l-6.53 6.13zm17.31 28.61l3.82-.76v-.54l-3.9.79a1.7 1.7 0 01.08.51zM46.26 2.23a2.44 2.44 0 010 .48L67.34.53V.01zm-4.79 1.92a2.59 2.59 0 01-.26-.46L4.92 26.56a2 2 0 01.26.45zm.67 19.79L43.57 5.3a2.24 2.24 0 01-.52-.06l-1.44 18.71a1.76 1.76 0 01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--has-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media\" role=\"presentation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media-inner img-fit\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/jackie-hutchinson-JJYzJXbwB20-unsplash-768x512.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/jackie-hutchinson-JJYzJXbwB20-unsplash-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/jackie-hutchinson-JJYzJXbwB20-unsplash-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/jackie-hutchinson-JJYzJXbwB20-unsplash-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/jackie-hutchinson-JJYzJXbwB20-unsplash-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/jackie-hutchinson-JJYzJXbwB20-unsplash-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"g-card__label\" tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/working-papers\/\">Working paper<\/a>         <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/induced-innovation-and-international-environmental-agreements-evidence-from-the-ozone-regime\/\" title=\"Induced innovation and international environmental agreements: evidence from the ozone regime\">Induced innovation and international environmental agreements: evidence from the ozone regime<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__meta\">\n                \n                <div class=\"g-card__meta-inner\">\n                    <div class=\"post-meta\">\n            <a class=\"post-meta__label\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/working-papers\/\">\n            Working paper        <\/a>\n    \n            <div class=\"post-meta__authors\">\n            <span class=\"post-meta__prefix\">\n                                    by                            <\/span>\n            <a class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/eugenie-dugoua\/\">Eugenie Dugoua<\/a>        <\/div>\n    \n            on 14 June, 2021    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        \n        \n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 2v-.55l-6-1.83 6-5.59v-.72l-6.53 6.13zm17.31 28.61l3.82-.76v-.54l-3.9.79a1.7 1.7 0 01.08.51zM46.26 2.23a2.44 2.44 0 010 .48L67.34.53V.01zm-4.79 1.92a2.59 2.59 0 01-.26-.46L4.92 26.56a2 2 0 01.26.45zm.67 19.79L43.57 5.3a2.24 2.24 0 01-.52-.06l-1.44 18.71a1.76 1.76 0 01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--no-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/when-externalities-collide-influenza-and-pollution-2\/\" title=\"When externalities collide: influenza and pollution\">When externalities collide: influenza and pollution<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__meta\">\n                                    <div class=\"meta__media\">\n                        <div class=\"g-card__author-image img-fit\">\n                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Gregor_Singer2025-80x80.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Gregor_Singer2025-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Gregor_Singer2025-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\">                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                \n                <div class=\"g-card__meta-inner\">\n                    <div class=\"post-meta\">\n            <a class=\"post-meta__label\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/research-articles\/\">\n            Research article        <\/a>\n    \n            <div class=\"post-meta__authors\">\n            <span class=\"post-meta__prefix\">\n                                    by                            <\/span>\n            <a class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/gregor-singer-2\/\">Gregor Singer<\/a>        <\/div>\n    \n            on 28 April, 2023    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                    <a class=\"g-card__readmore link link--arrow\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/when-externalities-collide-influenza-and-pollution-2\/\" title=\"Read publication\">Read publication&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 6 10\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M1.02 9.63l1.53-1.45 2.44-2.32.56-.53a.6.6 0 000-.85L4.03 3.03 1.59.7 1.02.17C.8-.04.4-.07.17.17c-.21.24-.24.62 0 .85L1.7 2.47 4.14 4.8l.56.54v-.85L3.18 5.93.74 8.25l-.57.53a.6.6 0 000 .85c.25.22.6.23.85 0z\" fill=\"#cc242f\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>\n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 2v-.55l-6-1.83 6-5.59v-.72l-6.53 6.13zm17.31 28.61l3.82-.76v-.54l-3.9.79a1.7 1.7 0 01.08.51zM46.26 2.23a2.44 2.44 0 010 .48L67.34.53V.01zm-4.79 1.92a2.59 2.59 0 01-.26-.46L4.92 26.56a2 2 0 01.26.45zm.67 19.79L43.57 5.3a2.24 2.24 0 01-.52-.06l-1.44 18.71a1.76 1.76 0 01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--has-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media\" role=\"presentation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media-inner img-fit\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Fig-1.-Radon-maps-768x315.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Fig-1.-Radon-maps-768x315.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Fig-1.-Radon-maps-350x144.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Fig-1.-Radon-maps-800x328.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Fig-1.-Radon-maps.jpg 1038w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"g-card__label\" tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/working-papers\/\">Working paper<\/a>         <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/the-price-of-indoor-air-pollution-evidence-from-risk-maps-and-the-housing-market\/\" title=\"The price of indoor air pollution: evidence from risk maps and the housing market\">The price of indoor air pollution: evidence from risk maps and the housing market<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__meta\">\n                \n                <div class=\"g-card__meta-inner\">\n                    <div class=\"post-meta\">\n            <a class=\"post-meta__label\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/working-papers\/\">\n            Working paper        <\/a>\n    \n            <div class=\"post-meta__authors\">\n            <span class=\"post-meta__prefix\">\n                                    by                            <\/span>\n            <a class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/edward-pinchbeck\/\">Edward Pinchbeck<\/a>, <a class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/sefi-roth\/\">Sefi Roth<\/a>, <span class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\">Nikodem Szumilo<\/span> and <span class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\">Enrico Vanino<\/span>        <\/div>\n    \n            on 3 September, 2021    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        \n        \n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 2v-.55l-6-1.83 6-5.59v-.72l-6.53 6.13zm17.31 28.61l3.82-.76v-.54l-3.9.79a1.7 1.7 0 01.08.51zM46.26 2.23a2.44 2.44 0 010 .48L67.34.53V.01zm-4.79 1.92a2.59 2.59 0 01-.26-.46L4.92 26.56a2 2 0 01.26.45zm.67 19.79L43.57 5.3a2.24 2.24 0 01-.52-.06l-1.44 18.71a1.76 1.76 0 01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--no-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/dirty-density-air-quality-and-the-density-of-american-cities\/\" title=\"Dirty density: Air quality and the density of American cities\">Dirty density: Air quality and the density of American cities<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__meta\">\n                                    <div class=\"meta__media\">\n                        <div class=\"g-card__author-image img-fit\">\n                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/profile-pic-2-80x80.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/profile-pic-2-80x80.jpeg 80w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/profile-pic-2-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\">                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                \n                <div class=\"g-card__meta-inner\">\n                    <div class=\"post-meta\">\n            <a class=\"post-meta__label\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/research-articles\/\">\n            Research article        <\/a>\n    \n            <div class=\"post-meta__authors\">\n            <span class=\"post-meta__prefix\">\n                                    by                            <\/span>\n            <a class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/sefi-roth\/\">Sefi Roth<\/a>        <\/div>\n    \n            on 9 January, 2023    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                    <a class=\"g-card__readmore link link--arrow\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/dirty-density-air-quality-and-the-density-of-american-cities\/\" title=\"Read publication\">Read publication&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 6 10\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M1.02 9.63l1.53-1.45 2.44-2.32.56-.53a.6.6 0 000-.85L4.03 3.03 1.59.7 1.02.17C.8-.04.4-.07.17.17c-.21.24-.24.62 0 .85L1.7 2.47 4.14 4.8l.56.54v-.85L3.18 5.93.74 8.25l-.57.53a.6.6 0 000 .85c.25.22.6.23.85 0z\" fill=\"#cc242f\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>\n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 2v-.55l-6-1.83 6-5.59v-.72l-6.53 6.13zm17.31 28.61l3.82-.76v-.54l-3.9.79a1.7 1.7 0 01.08.51zM46.26 2.23a2.44 2.44 0 010 .48L67.34.53V.01zm-4.79 1.92a2.59 2.59 0 01-.26-.46L4.92 26.56a2 2 0 01.26.45zm.67 19.79L43.57 5.3a2.24 2.24 0 01-.52-.06l-1.44 18.71a1.76 1.76 0 01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--no-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/the-private-and-external-costs-of-germanys-nuclear-phase-ou\/\" title=\"The Private and External Costs of Germany&rsquo;s Nuclear Phase-Out\">The Private and External Costs of Germany&rsquo;s Nuclear Phase-Out<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__meta\">\n                                    <div class=\"meta__media\">\n                        <div class=\"g-card__author-image img-fit\">\n                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/stephen_jarvis-80x80.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/stephen_jarvis-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/stephen_jarvis-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/stephen_jarvis-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/stephen_jarvis.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\">                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                \n                <div class=\"g-card__meta-inner\">\n                    <div class=\"post-meta\">\n            <a class=\"post-meta__label\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/research-articles\/\">\n            Research article        <\/a>\n    \n            <div class=\"post-meta__authors\">\n            <span class=\"post-meta__prefix\">\n                                    by                            <\/span>\n            <a class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/stephen-jarvis\/\">Stephen Jarvis<\/a>        <\/div>\n    \n            on 27 June, 2022    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                    <a class=\"g-card__readmore link link--arrow\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/the-private-and-external-costs-of-germanys-nuclear-phase-ou\/\" title=\"Read publication\">Read publication&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 6 10\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M1.02 9.63l1.53-1.45 2.44-2.32.56-.53a.6.6 0 000-.85L4.03 3.03 1.59.7 1.02.17C.8-.04.4-.07.17.17c-.21.24-.24.62 0 .85L1.7 2.47 4.14 4.8l.56.54v-.85L3.18 5.93.74 8.25l-.57.53a.6.6 0 000 .85c.25.22.6.23.85 0z\" fill=\"#cc242f\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>\n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 2v-.55l-6-1.83 6-5.59v-.72l-6.53 6.13zm17.31 28.61l3.82-.76v-.54l-3.9.79a1.7 1.7 0 01.08.51zM46.26 2.23a2.44 2.44 0 010 .48L67.34.53V.01zm-4.79 1.92a2.59 2.59 0 01-.26-.46L4.92 26.56a2 2 0 01.26.45zm.67 19.79L43.57 5.3a2.24 2.24 0 01-.52-.06l-1.44 18.71a1.76 1.76 0 01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--no-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/air-pollution-and-urban-road-transport-evidence-from-the-worlds-largest-low-emission-zone-in-london\/\" title=\"Air pollution and urban road transport: evidence from the world&rsquo;s largest low-emission zone in London\">Air pollution and urban road transport: evidence from the world&rsquo;s largest low-emission zone in London<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__meta\">\n                                    <div class=\"meta__media\">\n                        <div class=\"g-card__author-image img-fit\">\n                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg-80x80.webp\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg-80x80.webp 80w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg.webp 292w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\">                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                \n                <div class=\"g-card__meta-inner\">\n                    <div class=\"post-meta\">\n            <a class=\"post-meta__label\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/research-articles\/\">\n            Research article        <\/a>\n    \n            <div class=\"post-meta__authors\">\n            <span class=\"post-meta__prefix\">\n                                    by                            <\/span>\n            <a class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/hendrik-wolff\/\">Hendrik Wolff<\/a>        <\/div>\n    \n            on 10 March, 2021    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                    <a class=\"g-card__readmore link link--arrow\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/air-pollution-and-urban-road-transport-evidence-from-the-worlds-largest-low-emission-zone-in-london\/\" title=\"Read publication\">Read publication&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 6 10\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M1.02 9.63l1.53-1.45 2.44-2.32.56-.53a.6.6 0 000-.85L4.03 3.03 1.59.7 1.02.17C.8-.04.4-.07.17.17c-.21.24-.24.62 0 .85L1.7 2.47 4.14 4.8l.56.54v-.85L3.18 5.93.74 8.25l-.57.53a.6.6 0 000 .85c.25.22.6.23.85 0z\" fill=\"#cc242f\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>\n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg 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01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--no-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/crime-is-in-the-air-the-contemporaneous-relationship-between-air-pollution-and-crime-2\/\" title=\"Crime Is in the Air: The Contemporaneous Relationship between Air Pollution and Crime\">Crime Is in the Air: The Contemporaneous Relationship between Air Pollution and Crime<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__meta\">\n                \n                <div class=\"g-card__meta-inner\">\n                    <div class=\"post-meta\">\n            <a class=\"post-meta__label\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/research-articles\/\">\n            Research article        <\/a>\n    \n            <div class=\"post-meta__authors\">\n            <span class=\"post-meta__prefix\">\n                                    by                            <\/span>\n            <a class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/sefi-roth\/\">Sefi Roth<\/a> and <a class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/lutz-sager\/\">Lutz Sager<\/a>        <\/div>\n    \n            on 27 May, 2020    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                    <a class=\"g-card__readmore link link--arrow\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/crime-is-in-the-air-the-contemporaneous-relationship-between-air-pollution-and-crime-2\/\" title=\"Read publication\">Read publication&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 6 10\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M1.02 9.63l1.53-1.45 2.44-2.32.56-.53a.6.6 0 000-.85L4.03 3.03 1.59.7 1.02.17C.8-.04.4-.07.17.17c-.21.24-.24.62 0 .85L1.7 2.47 4.14 4.8l.56.54v-.85L3.18 5.93.74 8.25l-.57.53a.6.6 0 000 .85c.25.22.6.23.85 0z\" fill=\"#cc242f\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>\n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 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00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--has-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media\" role=\"presentation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media-inner img-fit\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"496\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/pollution-768x496.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/pollution-768x496.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/pollution-350x226.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/pollution.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/pollution-150x97.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/pollution-50x32.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">            <\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"g-card__label\" tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/working-papers\/\">Working paper<\/a>         <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/have-international-pollution-protocols-made-a-difference\/\" title=\"Have international pollution protocols made a difference?\">Have international pollution protocols made a difference?<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__meta\">\n                \n                <div class=\"g-card__meta-inner\">\n                    <div class=\"post-meta\">\n            <a class=\"post-meta__label\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/working-papers\/\">\n            Working paper        <\/a>\n    \n            <div class=\"post-meta__authors\">\n            <span class=\"post-meta__prefix\">\n                                    by                            <\/span>\n            <a class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/elisabeth-isaksen\/\">Elisabeth Isaksen<\/a>        <\/div>\n    \n            on 6 December, 2018    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        \n        \n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 2v-.55l-6-1.83 6-5.59v-.72l-6.53 6.13zm17.31 28.61l3.82-.76v-.54l-3.9.79a1.7 1.7 0 01.08.51zM46.26 2.23a2.44 2.44 0 010 .48L67.34.53V.01zm-4.79 1.92a2.59 2.59 0 01-.26-.46L4.92 26.56a2 2 0 01.26.45zm.67 19.79L43.57 5.3a2.24 2.24 0 01-.52-.06l-1.44 18.71a1.76 1.76 0 01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--no-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/the-long-run-economic-consequences-of-high-stakes-examinations-evidence-from-transitory-variation-in-pollution\/\" title=\"The Long-Run Economic Consequences of High-Stakes Examinations: Evidence from Transitory Variation in Pollution\">The Long-Run Economic Consequences of High-Stakes Examinations: Evidence from Transitory Variation in Pollution<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__meta\">\n                                    <div class=\"meta__media\">\n                        <div class=\"g-card__author-image img-fit\">\n                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/profile-pic-2-80x80.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/profile-pic-2-80x80.jpeg 80w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/profile-pic-2-150x150.jpeg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\">                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                \n                <div class=\"g-card__meta-inner\">\n                    <div class=\"post-meta\">\n            <a class=\"post-meta__label\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/research-articles\/\">\n            Research article        <\/a>\n    \n            <div class=\"post-meta__authors\">\n            <span class=\"post-meta__prefix\">\n                                    by                            <\/span>\n            <a class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/sefi-roth\/\">Sefi Roth<\/a>        <\/div>\n    \n            on 31 October, 2016    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                    <a class=\"g-card__readmore link link--arrow\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/the-long-run-economic-consequences-of-high-stakes-examinations-evidence-from-transitory-variation-in-pollution\/\" title=\"Read publication\">Read publication&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 6 10\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M1.02 9.63l1.53-1.45 2.44-2.32.56-.53a.6.6 0 000-.85L4.03 3.03 1.59.7 1.02.17C.8-.04.4-.07.17.17c-.21.24-.24.62 0 .85L1.7 2.47 4.14 4.8l.56.54v-.85L3.18 5.93.74 8.25l-.57.53a.6.6 0 000 .85c.25.22.6.23.85 0z\" fill=\"#cc242f\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>\n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 2v-.55l-6-1.83 6-5.59v-.72l-6.53 6.13zm17.31 28.61l3.82-.76v-.54l-3.9.79a1.7 1.7 0 01.08.51zM46.26 2.23a2.44 2.44 0 010 .48L67.34.53V.01zm-4.79 1.92a2.59 2.59 0 01-.26-.46L4.92 26.56a2 2 0 01.26.45zm.67 19.79L43.57 5.3a2.24 2.24 0 01-.52-.06l-1.44 18.71a1.76 1.76 0 01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--no-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/keep-your-clunker-in-the-suburb-low-emission-zones-and-adoption-of-green-vehicles\/\" title=\"Keep Your Clunker in the Suburb: Low-emission Zones and Adoption of Green Vehicles\">Keep Your Clunker in the Suburb: Low-emission Zones and Adoption of Green Vehicles<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__meta\">\n                                    <div class=\"meta__media\">\n                        <div class=\"g-card__author-image img-fit\">\n                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg-80x80.webp\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg-80x80.webp 80w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg.webp 292w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\">                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                \n                <div class=\"g-card__meta-inner\">\n                    <div class=\"post-meta\">\n            <a class=\"post-meta__label\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/research-articles\/\">\n            Research article        <\/a>\n    \n            <div class=\"post-meta__authors\">\n            <span class=\"post-meta__prefix\">\n                                    by                            <\/span>\n            <a class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/hendrik-wolff\/\">Hendrik Wolff<\/a>        <\/div>\n    \n            on 16 September, 2013    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                    <a class=\"g-card__readmore link link--arrow\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/keep-your-clunker-in-the-suburb-low-emission-zones-and-adoption-of-green-vehicles\/\" title=\"Read publication\">Read publication&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 6 10\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M1.02 9.63l1.53-1.45 2.44-2.32.56-.53a.6.6 0 000-.85L4.03 3.03 1.59.7 1.02.17C.8-.04.4-.07.17.17c-.21.24-.24.62 0 .85L1.7 2.47 4.14 4.8l.56.54v-.85L3.18 5.93.74 8.25l-.57.53a.6.6 0 000 .85c.25.22.6.23.85 0z\" fill=\"#cc242f\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>\n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 2v-.55l-6-1.83 6-5.59v-.72l-6.53 6.13zm17.31 28.61l3.82-.76v-.54l-3.9.79a1.7 1.7 0 01.08.51zM46.26 2.23a2.44 2.44 0 010 .48L67.34.53V.01zm-4.79 1.92a2.59 2.59 0 01-.26-.46L4.92 26.56a2 2 0 01.26.45zm.67 19.79L43.57 5.3a2.24 2.24 0 01-.52-.06l-1.44 18.71a1.76 1.76 0 01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--no-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/trends-in-clean-air-legislation-in-europe-particulate-matter-and-low-emission-zones\/\" title=\"Trends in Clean Air Legislation in Europe: Particulate Matter and Low Emission Zones\">Trends in Clean Air Legislation in Europe: Particulate Matter and Low Emission Zones<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__meta\">\n                                    <div class=\"meta__media\">\n                        <div class=\"g-card__author-image img-fit\">\n                            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg-80x80.webp\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg-80x80.webp 80w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg.webp 292w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\">                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                \n                <div class=\"g-card__meta-inner\">\n                    <div class=\"post-meta\">\n            <a class=\"post-meta__label\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication-type\/research-articles\/\">\n            Research article        <\/a>\n    \n            <div class=\"post-meta__authors\">\n            <span class=\"post-meta__prefix\">\n                                    by                            <\/span>\n            <a class=\"post-meta__author notranslate\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/hendrik-wolff\/\">Hendrik Wolff<\/a>        <\/div>\n    \n            on 4 July, 2010    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        \n        \n                    <a class=\"g-card__readmore link link--arrow\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/trends-in-clean-air-legislation-in-europe-particulate-matter-and-low-emission-zones\/\" title=\"Read publication\">Read publication&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 6 10\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M1.02 9.63l1.53-1.45 2.44-2.32.56-.53a.6.6 0 000-.85L4.03 3.03 1.59.7 1.02.17C.8-.04.4-.07.17.17c-.21.24-.24.62 0 .85L1.7 2.47 4.14 4.8l.56.54v-.85L3.18 5.93.74 8.25l-.57.53a.6.6 0 000 .85c.25.22.6.23.85 0z\" fill=\"#cc242f\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>\n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 2v-.55l-6-1.83 6-5.59v-.72l-6.53 6.13zm17.31 28.61l3.82-.76v-.54l-3.9.79a1.7 1.7 0 01.08.51zM46.26 2.23a2.44 2.44 0 010 .48L67.34.53V.01zm-4.79 1.92a2.59 2.59 0 01-.26-.46L4.92 26.56a2 2 0 01.26.45zm.67 19.79L43.57 5.3a2.24 2.24 0 01-.52-.06l-1.44 18.71a1.76 1.76 0 01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Selected Research Working Papers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/Grantham%20Research%20Institute%20(LSE)%20Working%20Paper%20405,%C2%A02023\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">Making the invisible visible: the impact of revealing indoor air pollution on behavior and welfare&#65279;&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><em>Grantham Research Institute (LSE) Working Paper 422,&nbsp;<\/em>2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/carbon-pricing-with-regressive-co-benefits-evidence-from-british-columbias-carbon-tax\/\">Carbon pricing with regressive co-benefits: evidence from British Columbia&rsquo;s carbon tax<\/a><em>&nbsp;Grantham Research Institute (LSE) Working Paper 405,&nbsp;<\/em>2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/disparities-in-pollution-capitalization-rates-the-role-of-direct-and-systemic-discrimination\/\">Disparities in pollution capitalization rates: the role of direct &amp; systemic discrimination<\/a><em>&nbsp;Grantham Research Institute (LSE) Working Paper 392, 2023<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.iza.org\/dp15947.pdf\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">Air pollution and respiratory infectious diseases&#65279;&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>&nbsp;<em>IZA Working Paper 15947, 2023<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/assets.researchsquare.com\/files\/rs-1550765\/v1_covered.pdf?c=1649790888\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">High levels of air pollution reduce team innovation&#65279;&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>&nbsp;Working Paper, 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/congestion-pricing-air-pollution-and-individual-level-behavioural-responses\/\">Congestion pricing, air pollution, and individual-level behavioural responses<\/a><em>&nbsp;Grantham Research Institute (LSE)&nbsp;Working Paper 362, 2021<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/do-healthy-home-checklists-nudge-people-to-test-their-home-for-radon-evidence-from-a-randomised-control-trial\/\">Do healthy home checklists nudge people to test their home for radon? Evidence from a randomised control trial<\/a><em>&nbsp;Grantham Research Institute (LSE)&nbsp;Working Paper 347, 2020<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/economics\/the-economic-cost-of-air-pollution-evidence-from-europe_56119490-en\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">The economic cost of air pollution: Evidence from Europe&#65279;&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><em>&nbsp;OECD Working Paper 1584, 2019<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Selected Policy Publications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/voxeu.org\/article\/benefits-clean-air-act-regulations-need-be-measured-carefully\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">The benefits of Clean Air Act regulations need to be measured carefully&#65279;&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>&nbsp;<em>CEPR VoxEU, 2022<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/econofact.org\/pollution-the-flu-shot-and-hospitalizations\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">Pollution, the Flu Shot, and Hospitalizations&#65279;&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>&nbsp;<em>Econofact, 2021<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hendrikwolff.com\/_files\/ugd\/2eec20_c1031e9cf18246b6aae9100debae3c48.pdf\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">Air Pollution in Mongolia: Opportunities for further Actions&#65279;&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>&nbsp;<em>UNDP, 2019<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wol.iza.org\/articles\/air-pollution-educational-achievements-and-human-capital-formation\/long\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"\">Air pollution, educational achievements, and human capital formation&#65279;&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><em>&nbsp;IZA, 2017<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Project team<\/h3>\n\n\n    <section class=\"team block\">\n        <div class=\"team__inner block__inner-\">\n                            <div class=\"team__heading section-heading section-heading--has-heading\">\n    <div class=\"section-heading__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"section-heading__heading\">Co-leads<\/h2>\n        \n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"team__items\">\n                <div class=\"square-flag-grid\" id=\"section-\">\n        <div class=\"square-flag-grid__items\">\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/sefi-roth\/\">Sefi Roth<\/a><\/h3>\n\n                    <p class=\"square-flag__subheading\">Associate<\/p>\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/sefi-roth\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Sefi Roth                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"233\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/profile-pic-2-233x350.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/profile-pic-2-233x350.jpeg 233w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/profile-pic-2-534x800.jpeg 534w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/profile-pic-2-100x150.jpeg 100w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/profile-pic-2-33x50.jpeg 33w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/profile-pic-2.jpeg 655w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/gregor-singer-2\/\">Gregor Singer<\/a><\/h3>\n\n                    <p class=\"square-flag__subheading\">Assistant Professorial Research Fellow<\/p>\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/gregor-singer-2\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Gregor Singer                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"307\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Gregor_Singer2025-307x350.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Gregor_Singer2025-307x350.jpg 307w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/10\/Gregor_Singer2025.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n    <section class=\"team block\">\n        <div class=\"team__inner block__inner-\">\n                            <div class=\"team__heading section-heading section-heading--has-heading\">\n    <div class=\"section-heading__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"section-heading__heading\">Institute Staff, Associates and Visiting Researchers<\/h2>\n        \n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"team__items\">\n                <div class=\"square-flag-grid\" id=\"section-\">\n        <div class=\"square-flag-grid__items\">\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/anomitro-chatterjee\/\">Anomitro Chatterjee<\/a><\/h3>\n\n                    <p class=\"square-flag__subheading\">Associate<\/p>\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/anomitro-chatterjee\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Anomitro Chatterjee                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"332\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Anomitro.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Anomitro.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Anomitro-136x150.jpg 136w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/Anomitro-45x50.jpg 45w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/antoine-dechezlepretre\/\">Antoine Dechezlepr&ecirc;tre<\/a><\/h3>\n\n                    <p class=\"square-flag__subheading\">Visiting Senior Fellow and Former Associate Professorial Research Fellow<\/p>\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/antoine-dechezlepretre\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Antoine Dechezlepr&ecirc;tre                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"259\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Antoine_Dechezlepretre_web-259x350.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Antoine_Dechezlepretre_web-259x350.jpg 259w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Antoine_Dechezlepretre_web.jpg 593w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Antoine_Dechezlepretre_web-111x150.jpg 111w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/Antoine_Dechezlepretre_web-37x50.jpg 37w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 259px) 100vw, 259px\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/eugenie-dugoua\/\">Eugenie Dugoua<\/a><\/h3>\n\n                    <p class=\"square-flag__subheading\">Associate<\/p>\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/eugenie-dugoua\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Eugenie Dugoua                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/eugenie.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/eugenie.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/eugenie-144x150.jpg 144w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/eugenie-48x50.jpg 48w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/elisabeth-gsottbauer\/\">Elisabeth Gsottbauer<\/a><\/h3>\n\n                    <p class=\"square-flag__subheading\">Visiting Senior Fellow and Former Assistant Professorial Research Fellow<\/p>\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/elisabeth-gsottbauer\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Elisabeth Gsottbauer                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"233\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/GsottbauerElisabeth.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/elisabeth-isaksen\/\">Elisabeth Isaksen<\/a><\/h3>\n\n                    <p class=\"square-flag__subheading\">Visiting Fellow and Former Research Officer<\/p>\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/elisabeth-isaksen\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Elisabeth Isaksen                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"232\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/elisabeth-thuestad-232x350.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/elisabeth-thuestad.jpg 232w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/elisabeth-thuestad-99x150.jpg 99w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/elisabeth-thuestad-33x50.jpg 33w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/stephen-jarvis\/\">Stephen Jarvis<\/a><\/h3>\n\n                    <p class=\"square-flag__subheading\">Associate<\/p>\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/stephen-jarvis\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Stephen Jarvis                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/stephen_jarvis-350x350.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/stephen_jarvis-350x350.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/stephen_jarvis-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/stephen_jarvis-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/stephen_jarvis.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/edward-pinchbeck\/\">Edward Pinchbeck<\/a><\/h3>\n\n                    <p class=\"square-flag__subheading\">Visiting Fellow<\/p>\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/edward-pinchbeck\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Edward Pinchbeck                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pinchbeck-edward-cropped-230x230-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pinchbeck-edward-cropped-230x230-1.jpg 230w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pinchbeck-edward-cropped-230x230-1-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/pinchbeck-edward-cropped-230x230-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/cristobal-ruiz-tagle\/\">Cristobal Ruiz-Tagle<\/a><\/h3>\n\n                    <p class=\"square-flag__subheading\">Associate<\/p>\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/cristobal-ruiz-tagle\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Cristobal Ruiz-Tagle                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"293\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Cristobal_Ruiz_Tagle.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/aurelien-saussay\/\">Aur&eacute;lien Saussay<\/a><\/h3>\n\n                    <p class=\"square-flag__subheading\">Assistant Professorial Research Fellow<\/p>\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/aurelien-saussay\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Aur&eacute;lien Saussay                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"326\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Aurelien-326x350.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Aurelien-326x350.jpg 326w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Aurelien-140x150.jpg 140w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Aurelien-47x50.jpg 47w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Aurelien.jpg 606w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 326px) 100vw, 326px\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/lutz-sager\/\">Lutz Sager<\/a><\/h3>\n\n                    <p class=\"square-flag__subheading\">Former Research Student<\/p>\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/lutz-sager\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Lutz Sager                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"227\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/lutz-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/lutz-1.jpg 230w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/lutz-1-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/lutz-1-150x148.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/lutz-1-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/ganga-shreedhar\/\">Ganga Shreedhar<\/a><\/h3>\n\n                    <p class=\"square-flag__subheading\">Associate<\/p>\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/ganga-shreedhar\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Ganga Shreedhar                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"252\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/ganga.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/ganga.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/ganga-119x150.jpg 119w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/ganga-40x50.jpg 40w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/lorenzo-sileci\/\">Lorenzo Sileci<\/a><\/h3>\n\n                    <p class=\"square-flag__subheading\">Visiting Fellow<\/p>\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/lorenzo-sileci\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Lorenzo Sileci                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"233\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/lorenzo.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/lorenzo.jpeg 233w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/lorenzo-109x150.jpeg 109w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/lorenzo-36x50.jpeg 36w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 233px) 100vw, 233px\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/hendrik-wolff\/\">Hendrik Wolff<\/a><\/h3>\n\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/hendrik-wolff\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Hendrik Wolff                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"292\" height=\"293\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg.webp 292w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg-80x80.webp 80w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hendrik-headshot-.jpg-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 292px) 100vw, 292px\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n    <section class=\"team block\">\n        <div class=\"team__inner block__inner-\">\n                            <div class=\"team__heading section-heading section-heading--has-heading\">\n    <div class=\"section-heading__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"section-heading__heading\">LSE PhD Students<\/h2>\n        \n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"team__items\">\n                <div class=\"square-flag-grid\" id=\"section-\">\n        <div class=\"square-flag-grid__items\">\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\">Antonio Avila-Uribe<\/h3>\n\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/themes\/grantham\/assets\/images\/profile-placeholder.svg\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" role=\"presentation\">            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"square-flag-grid__item\">\n                <article class=\"square-flag\">\n    <div class=\"square-flag__inner\">\n        <h3 class=\"square-flag__heading notranslate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/ina-drouven\/\">Ina Drouven<\/a><\/h3>\n\n                    <p class=\"square-flag__subheading\">Alumni<\/p>\n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"square-flag__media img-fit\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/profile\/ina-drouven\/\">\n                            <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\n                    Read more about Ina Drouven                <\/span>\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"286\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ina-286x350.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ina-286x350.jpg 286w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/ina.jpg 327w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 286px) 100vw, 286px\">                    <\/a>\n            <\/div>\n<\/article>\n            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p>Selected Research Working Papers Making the invisible visible: the impact of revealing indoor air pollution on behavior and welfare&#65279;&#65279;Grantham Research&hellip;<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"page-templates\/full-width.php","tags":[],"topic_area":[],"class_list":["post-79007","project","type-project","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"show_page_header":{"ref_value":"field_5e9d8cfb645b1","value":"1","type":false,"post_type":""},"page_header_content":{"ref_value":"field_5e9d8d3a645b2","value":"","type":false,"post_type":""},"page_header_image":{"ref_value":"field_68533ddd77ff7","value":"","type":false,"post_type":""}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Economics of Air Pollution (EAP) - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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