{"id":76276,"date":"2024-11-27T13:00:38","date_gmt":"2024-11-27T13:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/?page_id=76276"},"modified":"2026-02-14T08:57:04","modified_gmt":"2026-02-14T08:57:04","slug":"topics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/","title":{"rendered":"Topics"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><section class=\"cards block block--fullwidth cards--layout-columns cards--no-heading cards--columns-3\">\n        <div class=\"cards__inner block__inner\">\n            <div class=\"section-heading section-heading--no-heading\">\n    <div class=\"section-heading__inner\">\n        \n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"cards__row\">\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--has-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media\" role=\"presentation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media-inner img-fit\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/floods_haiti-768x512.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"Helping to counteract the sense of 'helplessness' that images of climate impacts can produce, this striking photo tells a positive story of human resilience in the face of adversity.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/floods_haiti-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/floods_haiti-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/floods_haiti-800x534.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/floods_haiti.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">            <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/climate-change-impacts-and-resilience\/\" title=\"Climate change impacts and resilience\">Climate change impacts and resilience<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__content\">\n                \n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p>How will climate change affect human lives and what measures can we take to prepare for and adjust to climate impacts, today and in the future?<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"g-card__list\"><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/climate-change-impacts-and-resilience\/adaptation-and-resilience\/\">Adaptation and resilience<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/climate-change-impacts-and-resilience\/climate-and-health\/\">Climate and health<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/climate-change-impacts-and-resilience\/climate-science-and-impacts\/\">Climate science and impacts<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/climate-change-impacts-and-resilience\/loss-and-damage\/\">Loss and damage<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/climate-change-impacts-and-resilience\/uk-adaptation-policy\/\">UK adaptation policy<\/a><\/li><\/ul>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 2v-.55l-6-1.83 6-5.59v-.72l-6.53 6.13zm17.31 28.61l3.82-.76v-.54l-3.9.79a1.7 1.7 0 01.08.51zM46.26 2.23a2.44 2.44 0 010 .48L67.34.53V.01zm-4.79 1.92a2.59 2.59 0 01-.26-.46L4.92 26.56a2 2 0 01.26.45zm.67 19.79L43.57 5.3a2.24 2.24 0 01-.52-.06l-1.44 18.71a1.76 1.76 0 01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--has-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media\" role=\"presentation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media-inner img-fit\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"458\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/uk_emissions-768x458.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/uk_emissions-768x458.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/uk_emissions-350x209.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/uk_emissions.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">            <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/cutting-emissions\/\" title=\"Cutting emissions\">Cutting emissions<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__content\">\n                \n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p>New laws, policies and practices are required to facilitate the reduction of emissions, particularly in the sectors of energy, transport, industry and agriculture.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"g-card__list\"><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/cutting-emissions\/policy-evaluation\/\">Policy evaluation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/cutting-emissions\/climate-change-laws-and-litigation\/\">Climate change laws and litigation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/cutting-emissions\/uk-emissions-policy\/\">UK emissions policy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/cutting-emissions\/energy\/\">Energy<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/cutting-emissions\/behavioural-responses\/\">Behavioural responses<\/a><\/li><\/ul>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 2v-.55l-6-1.83 6-5.59v-.72l-6.53 6.13zm17.31 28.61l3.82-.76v-.54l-3.9.79a1.7 1.7 0 01.08.51zM46.26 2.23a2.44 2.44 0 010 .48L67.34.53V.01zm-4.79 1.92a2.59 2.59 0 01-.26-.46L4.92 26.56a2 2 0 01.26.45zm.67 19.79L43.57 5.3a2.24 2.24 0 01-.52-.06l-1.44 18.71a1.76 1.76 0 01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--has-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media\" role=\"presentation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media-inner img-fit\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/54150842729_714e27d13b_c-768x512.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/54150842729_714e27d13b_c-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/54150842729_714e27d13b_c-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/54150842729_714e27d13b_c.jpg 799w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">            <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/financing-a-better-future\/\" title=\"Financing a better future\">Financing a better future<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__content\">\n                \n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p>Finance is required to<span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW28610318 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW28610318 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW28610318 BCX8\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW28610318 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW28610318 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW28610318 BCX8\">facilitate <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW28610318 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW28610318 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW28610318 BCX8\">the transition to a sustainable and low-carbon economy <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW28610318 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW28610318 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun AdvancedProofingIssueV2Themed SCXW28610318 BCX8\">and to<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW28610318 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW28610318 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW28610318 BCX8\">&nbsp;support efforts to adapt to the impacts of climate change.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP TrackedChange SCXW28610318 BCX8\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"g-card__list\"><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/financing-a-better-future\/public-finance\/\">Public finance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/financing-a-better-future\/banking-and-private-investors\/\">Banking and private investors<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/financing-a-better-future\/central-banks-and-other-financial-institutions\/\">Central banks and other financial institutions<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/financing-a-better-future\/global-financial-system\/\">Global financial system<\/a><\/li><\/ul>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 2v-.55l-6-1.83 6-5.59v-.72l-6.53 6.13zm17.31 28.61l3.82-.76v-.54l-3.9.79a1.7 1.7 0 01.08.51zM46.26 2.23a2.44 2.44 0 010 .48L67.34.53V.01zm-4.79 1.92a2.59 2.59 0 01-.26-.46L4.92 26.56a2 2 0 01.26.45zm.67 19.79L43.57 5.3a2.24 2.24 0 01-.52-.06l-1.44 18.71a1.76 1.76 0 01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--has-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media\" role=\"presentation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media-inner img-fit\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/International_climate_politics-768x512.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"International climate politics\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/International_climate_politics-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/International_climate_politics-350x233.jpg 350w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/International_climate_politics.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">            <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/global-action\/\" title=\"Global action\">Global action<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__content\">\n                \n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW8294931 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW8294931 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8294931 BCX8\">International institutions, world leaders, business, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW8294931 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW8294931 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8294931 BCX8\">NGOs<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW8294931 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW8294931 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8294931 BCX8\"> and activists all have a role to play in helping to shape the agreements, <\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW8294931 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW8294931 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8294931 BCX8\">policies<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"TrackChangeTextInsertion TrackedChange SCXW8294931 BCX8\"><span class=\"TextRun Highlight SCXW8294931 BCX8\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW8294931 BCX8\"> and practices necessary to tackle climate change<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"g-card__list\"><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/global-action\/misinformation-global-action\/\">Misinformation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/global-action\/governance\/\">Governance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/global-action\/leadership\/\">Leadership<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/global-action\/major-emitting-countries\/\">Major emitting countries<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/global-action\/sustainable-development\/\">Sustainable development<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/global-action\/just-transition\/\">Just transition<\/a><\/li><\/ul>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 2v-.55l-6-1.83 6-5.59v-.72l-6.53 6.13zm17.31 28.61l3.82-.76v-.54l-3.9.79a1.7 1.7 0 01.08.51zM46.26 2.23a2.44 2.44 0 010 .48L67.34.53V.01zm-4.79 1.92a2.59 2.59 0 01-.26-.46L4.92 26.56a2 2 0 01.26.45zm.67 19.79L43.57 5.3a2.24 2.24 0 01-.52-.06l-1.44 18.71a1.76 1.76 0 01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"cards__col\">\n                        \n<div class=\"g-card g-card--background-white g-card--has-media g-card--media-fit g-card--has-link\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media\" role=\"presentation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <div class=\"g-card__media-inner img-fit\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"492\" height=\"328\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/deforestation_cetex.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/deforestation_cetex.jpg 492w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/deforestation_cetex-350x233.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 492px) 100vw, 492px\">            <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"g-card__inner\">\n                    <h2 class=\"g-card__heading\">\n                                    <a class=\"link\" target=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/protecting-the-environment\/\" title=\"Protecting the environment\">Protecting the environment<\/a>\n                            <\/h2>\n        \n        \n                    <div class=\"g-card__content\">\n                \n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p>Our planet, its natural resources and rich biodiversity face critical challenges that must be addressed to secure a healthier, more sustainable future.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"g-card__list\"><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/protecting-the-environment\/land-and-oceans\/\">Land and oceans<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/protecting-the-environment\/forests\/\">Forests<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/protecting-the-environment\/air-pollution\/\">Air pollution<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/protecting-the-environment\/water-security-and-behaviour\/\">Water security and behaviour<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/protecting-the-environment\/critical-minerals-and-resources\/\">Critical minerals and resources<\/a><\/li><li class=\"g-card__list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/topics\/protecting-the-environment\/biodiversity\/\">Biodiversity<\/a><\/li><\/ul>            <\/div>\n        \n        \n        <div class=\"dots-image\" role=\"presentation\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMaxYMax meet\" viewbox=\"0 0 67.39 58.73\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path class=\"dots-image__lines\" d=\"M27.42 48.98a2.59 2.59 0 01.26.46l32.25-16.41a1.87 1.87 0 01-.23-.47zm13.12-21.63l-14.09 20.8a2.57 2.57 0 01.44.29l14.08-20.78a2.24 2.24 0 01-.43-.31zm21.64 6.45l5.21 9v-1.05l-4.73-8.17a2.62 2.62 0 01-.48.22zM26.9 52.59l4.45 6.14H32l-4.74-6.5a3.32 3.32 0 01-.36.36zM8.91 58.73h1.11l12.93-6.92a2.06 2.06 0 01-.21-.48zm-8.91 0h.66l6.69-9a1.92 1.92 0 01-.47-.25zm46.26-55.5a2.91 2.91 0 01-.16.5l14.31 4.39-8.06 7.56-6.71-11.23a2.72 2.72 0 01-.39.37l6.71 11.23-8.85 8.31a2.16 2.16 0 01.37.37l8.76-8.22 8.24 13.72a1.84 1.84 0 01.47-.22l-8.31-13.92L61 8.24l6.39 2v-.55l-6-1.83 6-5.59v-.72l-6.53 6.13zm17.31 28.61l3.82-.76v-.54l-3.9.79a1.7 1.7 0 01.08.51zM46.26 2.23a2.44 2.44 0 010 .48L67.34.53V.01zm-4.79 1.92a2.59 2.59 0 01-.26-.46L4.92 26.56a2 2 0 01.26.45zm.67 19.79L43.57 5.3a2.24 2.24 0 01-.52-.06l-1.44 18.71a1.76 1.76 0 01.33 0zm-37.71 5.5l18.83 19.29a2.57 2.57 0 01.39-.35L4.78 29.09a1.44 1.44 0 01-.35.35zm35.58-3.01a2.16 2.16 0 01-.07-.51L5.26 27.44a1.84 1.84 0 010 .33 1.36 1.36 0 010 .2zM3.43 29.76l4.19 16.15a2.2 2.2 0 01.44-.05h.1l-4.21-16.2a2.27 2.27 0 01-.52.1zm20.39 28.97h.53l.79-5.57a3 3 0 01-.52-.07z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><path class=\"dots-image__dots\" d=\"M5.18 27.01a2 2 0 00-.26-.45 2 2 0 10-1.59 3.21h.1a2.27 2.27 0 00.52-.09 2.12 2.12 0 00.48-.23 1.44 1.44 0 00.39-.35 1.88 1.88 0 00.49-1.12 1.36 1.36 0 000-.2 1.84 1.84 0 000-.33 1.62 1.62 0 00-.13-.44zm2.98 18.86h-.1a2.2 2.2 0 00-.44.05 2 2 0 00-1.56 1.95 2 2 0 00.82 1.61 1.92 1.92 0 00.47.25 1.87 1.87 0 00.71.14 2 2 0 00.1-4zm19.26 3.11a2.71 2.71 0 00-.53-.54 2.57 2.57 0 00-.44-.29 2.66 2.66 0 00-1.2-.29 2.68 2.68 0 00-2 .87 2.63 2.63 0 00-.7 1.79 2.46 2.46 0 00.14.81 2.06 2.06 0 00.21.48 2.64 2.64 0 001.67 1.28 3 3 0 00.52.07h.17a2.65 2.65 0 001.65-.58 3.32 3.32 0 00.35-.35 2.62 2.62 0 00.63-1.7 2.75 2.75 0 00-.23-1.08 2.59 2.59 0 00-.24-.47zm15.7-24.67a2.09 2.09 0 00-1-.37h-.2a1.76 1.76 0 00-.33 0 2 2 0 00-1.67 2 2.16 2.16 0 00.07.51 2 2 0 00.53.92 2.24 2.24 0 00.43.31 2 2 0 001 .26 2 2 0 002-2 1.94 1.94 0 00-.45-1.24 2.16 2.16 0 00-.38-.39zM43.66 0a2.66 2.66 0 00-2.65 2.66 2.74 2.74 0 00.2 1 2.59 2.59 0 00.26.46 2.69 2.69 0 001.58 1.09 2.24 2.24 0 00.52.06h.09a2.64 2.64 0 001.6-.54 2.72 2.72 0 00.39-.37 2.46 2.46 0 00.46-.72 2.91 2.91 0 00.16-.5 2.59 2.59 0 000-.48 2.44 2.44 0 000-.48A2.65 2.65 0 0043.66 0zm19.91 31.84a1.7 1.7 0 00-.08-.51 2 2 0 00-1.91-1.43 1.9 1.9 0 00-.63.11 1.84 1.84 0 00-.47.22 2 2 0 00-.9 1.67 2.08 2.08 0 00.12.66 1.87 1.87 0 00.23.47 2 2 0 001.65.87 2 2 0 00.6-.1 2.62 2.62 0 00.48-.22 2 2 0 00.92-1.68l-.01-.06z\" fill=\"#e83f4a\"><\/path><\/svg>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\">\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/full-width.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"topic_area":[],"class_list":["post-76276","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Topics - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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