{"id":65286,"date":"2023-03-22T14:16:51","date_gmt":"2023-03-22T14:16:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/?page_id=65286"},"modified":"2025-02-21T10:21:04","modified_gmt":"2025-02-21T10:21:04","slug":"the-economics-of-air-pollution-eap","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/the-economics-of-air-pollution-eap\/","title":{"rendered":"The Economics of Air Pollution (EAP)"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p>Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental and public health emergencies that the world is currently facing. Exposure to air pollutants, such as particulate matter, can have detrimental effects on health, cognition, and can also affect human behaviour. This can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses, premature death, and also to other negative economic consequences such as lower educational outcomes, higher crime rates, and reduced labour productivity.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our group of LSE-based economists and behavioral scientists analyses various complex aspects of the economics of air pollution (ambient and indoor), including the costs of air pollution, the health and well-being impacts of pollution, policy solutions and effectiveness,&nbsp;and the implications for inequality to better understand how to make progress in reducing the harms from air pollution.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Our group produces world leading academic research and is also available to advise and support policy makers at the local, national, and international level.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Associated Projects<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-thumbnail\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/camden_lock-80x80.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-65338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/camden_lock-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/camden_lock-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/camden_lock.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 80px) 100vw, 80px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/geography-and-environment\/news\/indoor-air-pollution-in-camden\">Camden Household Air Monitoring Project<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\">\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Selected Research Publications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/articles?id=10.1257\/pol.20220745&amp;from=f\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Clean Identification? The Effects of the Clean Air Act on Air Pollution, Exposure Disparities and House Prices&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> <em>American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,&nbsp;<\/em>Forthcoming<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/direct.mit.edu\/rest\/article-abstract\/doi\/10.1162\/rest_a_01398\/118336\/Induced-Innovation-and-International-Environmental\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Induced Innovation and International Environmental Agreements: Evidence from the Ozone Regime&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>&nbsp;<em>Review of Economics and Statistics,<\/em>&nbsp;Forthcoming<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/articles?id=10.1257\/app.20210500&amp;&amp;from=f\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">When externalities collide: influenza and pollution&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> <em>American Economic Journal: Applied Economics<\/em>, 15(2), 320-51, 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/abs\/10.1086\/725028\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">The price of indoor air pollution: evidence from risk maps and the housing market&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>&nbsp;<em>Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists<\/em>, 10(6), 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0095069622001206\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Dirty density: air quality and urban density of American cities&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><em> Journal of Environmental Economics and Management<\/em>. 118, 102767. 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jeea\/article-abstract\/20\/3\/1311\/6520438\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">The Private and External Costs of Germany&rsquo;s Nuclear Phase-out&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><em>&nbsp;Journal of the European Economic Association: 20(3), 1311&ndash;1346, 2022<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10018-021-00307-9\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Air pollution and urban road transport: evidence from the world&rsquo;s largest low emission zone in London&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><em> Environmental Economics and Policy Studies 23: 1-28, 2021<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/pdf\/10.1086\/707127\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Crime is in the air: the contemporaneous relationship between air pollution and crime&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><em> Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists<\/em>, <em>7 <\/em>(3), 555-585, 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0095069620300814\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Have international pollution protocols made a difference?&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><em> Journal of Environmental Economics and Management<\/em>, <em>103<\/em>, 2020<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aeaweb.org\/articles?id=10.1257\/app.20150213\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">The long run economic consequences of high-stakes examinations: evidence from transitory variation in pollution&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><em> American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 8 (4): 36-65, 2016<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/ecoj.12091\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Keep your clunker in the suburb: low emission zones and adoption of green vehicles&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><em> Economic Journal, 124 (578): 481-512, 2014<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/abs\/10.1093\/reep\/req008\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Trends in clean air legislation in Europe: particulate matter and low emission zones&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><em> Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 4(2): 293-308, 2010<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Selected Research Working Papers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"http:\/\/Grantham%20Research%20Institute%20(LSE)%20Working%20Paper%20405,%C2%A02023\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Making the invisible visible: the impact of revealing indoor air pollution on behavior and welfare&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> <em>Grantham Research Institute (LSE) Working Paper 422,&nbsp;<\/em>2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/carbon-pricing-with-regressive-co-benefits-evidence-from-british-columbias-carbon-tax\/\">Carbon pricing with regressive co-benefits: evidence from British Columbia&rsquo;s carbon tax<\/a><em>&nbsp;Grantham Research Institute (LSE) Working Paper 405,&nbsp;<\/em>2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/disparities-in-pollution-capitalization-rates-the-role-of-direct-and-systemic-discrimination\/\">Disparities in pollution capitalization rates: the role of direct &amp; systemic discrimination<\/a><em> Grantham Research Institute (LSE) Working Paper 392, 2023<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.iza.org\/dp15947.pdf\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Air pollution and respiratory infectious diseases&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> <em>IZA Working Paper 15947, 2023<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/assets.researchsquare.com\/files\/rs-1550765\/v1_covered.pdf?c=1649790888\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">High levels of air pollution reduce team innovation&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> Working Paper, 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/congestion-pricing-air-pollution-and-individual-level-behavioural-responses\/\">Congestion pricing, air pollution, and individual-level behavioural responses<\/a><em> <em>Grantham Research Institute (LSE)<\/em> Working Paper 362, 2021<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/do-healthy-home-checklists-nudge-people-to-test-their-home-for-radon-evidence-from-a-randomised-control-trial\/\">Do healthy home checklists nudge people to test their home for radon? Evidence from a randomised control trial<\/a><em> <em>Grantham Research Institute (LSE)<\/em> Working Paper 347, 2020<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/economics\/the-economic-cost-of-air-pollution-evidence-from-europe_56119490-en\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">The economic cost of air pollution: Evidence from Europe&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><em> OECD Working Paper 1584, 2019<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Selected Policy Publications<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/voxeu.org\/article\/benefits-clean-air-act-regulations-need-be-measured-carefully\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">The benefits of Clean Air Act regulations need to be measured carefully&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> <em>CEPR VoxEU, 2022<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/econofact.org\/pollution-the-flu-shot-and-hospitalizations\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Pollution, the Flu Shot, and Hospitalizations&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> <em>Econofact, 2021<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hendrikwolff.com\/_files\/ugd\/2eec20_c1031e9cf18246b6aae9100debae3c48.pdf\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Air Pollution in Mongolia: Opportunities for further Actions&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> <em>UNDP, 2019<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/wol.iza.org\/articles\/air-pollution-educational-achievements-and-human-capital-formation\/long\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Air pollution, educational achievements, and human capital formation&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><em> IZA, 2017<\/em><\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p>Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental and public health emergencies that the world is currently facing. Exposure to&hellip;<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":65332,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"topic_area":[4702],"class_list":["post-65286","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","topic_area-air-pollution"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Economics of Air Pollution (EAP) - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/the-economics-of-air-pollution-eap\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Economics of Air Pollution (EAP) - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental and public health emergencies that the world is currently facing. 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