{"id":63584,"date":"2022-12-16T10:13:12","date_gmt":"2022-12-16T10:13:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/?post_type=news&#038;p=63584"},"modified":"2024-08-16T10:25:07","modified_gmt":"2024-08-16T09:25:07","slug":"the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\/","title":{"rendered":"The importance of voluntary climate action catalysed by the COP process"},"content":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p class=\"is-style-large\">International negotiations are a necessary but insufficient part of society&rsquo;s response to climate change. Looking outside of the forum of COP climate conferences, Rob Macquarie and Eleonore Soubeyran review the vital contribution of voluntary initiatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Following the COP27 climate change conference, many have questioned whether international negotiations have got what it takes to deliver the level of environmental action required. The <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/resource\/cp2022_L19_adv.pdf\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">conclusion&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> of the official negotiations left many <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/news\/241654\/cop27-imperial-experts-reflect-progress-failures\/\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">dissatisfied&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>. Simon Steill, the new head of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/7f4b8029-258a-4af5-9e72-abcd736468e1\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">vowed&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> afterwards to pursue a more &rdquo;streamlined&rdquo; and &rdquo;effective&rdquo; process that will ensure transparency and deliver on the goals of the Paris Agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some commentators have criticised COP for being bloated with greenwashing and <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2022\/nov\/20\/big-takeaway-cop27-climate-conferences-arent-working\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">proposed&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> an alternative model focused on tackling concrete issues, without media attention. However, to assess the full picture of the state of the world&rsquo;s response to climate change, it is important to also appreciate the range of voluntary initiatives that fall outside the formal international negotiations between governments that led to the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A &lsquo;whole of society&rsquo; approach to climate action<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Initiatives announced during the sessions of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC take many forms, depending on their participants and mission:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Public-only <\/strong>initiatives, carried out by states, subnational governments (e.g. cities), and international governmental organisations, including development finance institutions. Governments have formed <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/14693062.2021.1967717\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">&lsquo;minilateral&rsquo; groups&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> such as the <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/climatechampions.unfccc.int\/system\/breakthrough-agenda\/\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Breakthrough Agenda&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> or the <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/cop\/brazil-rainforest-nations-join-forces-save-jungle-2022-11-14\/\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">new alliance&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> on Tropical Forests for Climate and People to drive progress in specific sectors or regions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Public-private <\/strong>initiatives, through which firms, philanthropic organisations and other private actors collaborate with national governments. The <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/climate-action\/marrakech-partnership-for-global-climate-action\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Marrakech Partnership&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> has led to the formation of many of these groups, including the <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/cop27.eg\/#\/presidency\/initiative\/enact\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Enhancing Nature-based Solutions for Climate Transformation&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> (ENACT) initiative, the <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/acceleratingtozero.org\/\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Accelerate to Zero Coalition&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> and the <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aimforclimate.org\/\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Agriculture Innovation Mission for Climate&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> (AIM4C).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Private sector-focused <\/strong>initiatives, where signatories agree to align their business practices (including investments and procurement) with climate goals. Examples include the <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/first-movers-coalition\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">First Movers Coalition&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> and <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/racetozero.unfccc.int\/system\/nature-and-tackling-deforestation\/\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Financial Sector Deforestation Action&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Collectively, these initiatives reflect the &lsquo;whole of society&rsquo; transformation that is needed to deliver on international climate agreements. The UNFCCC and its <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/climatechampions.unfccc.int\/un-climate-change-high-level-champions\/\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Climate Champions&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>, chiefly through their <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/racetozero.unfccc.int\/system\/race-to-zero\/\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Race to Zero&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> and <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/racetozero.unfccc.int\/system\/racetoresilience\/\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Race to Resilience&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> initiatives, have sought to create an <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/climatechampions.unfccc.int\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/R2Z-Pivot-Point-Report-4.pdf\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">&lsquo;ambition loop&rsquo; among non-state actors&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>, whereby action across multiple levels of society and in the private sector generates more ambitious government policy at national and international levels, and vice versa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For voluntary initiatives to create the conditions for accelerated progress and positive tipping points, they should have three key features: urgency and breadth; quality (in terms of treatment of people and nature); and transparent measurement of targets and progress. These echo the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news\/un-recommendations-seek-to-tackle-greenwashing-and-push-net-zero-governance-forward\/\">criteria<\/a> for high-integrity net zero commitments recently set out by the <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/high-level-expert-group\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">UN High Level Expert Group&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Urgency and breadth<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>First, action must be rapid and broad enough in its ambition. Many initiatives set a goal for 2030, recognising the importance of acting within this decade. However, even an eight-year window risks delaying action beyond decision-makers&rsquo; current time horizons. Near-term milestones and a roadmap showing how to reach the end goal are necessary to ensure rapid action. The Breakthrough Agenda represents a strong model, with an aspirational goal for 2030 twinned with an explicitly iterative approach, taking steps each year towards stronger measures. Another example is Mission Innovation&rsquo;s recently released <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"http:\/\/mission-innovation.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Zero-Emission-Shipping-Mission-Action-Plan.pdf\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Zero-Emission Shipping Mission&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> action plan, which details near-term milestones for 2022\/24, 2024\/27, and 2027\/30, to deliver on its 2030 goal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Roadmaps must include sufficiently broad actions to encompass all relevant climate drivers: failure to do so could slow or reverse progress. For instance, while the <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tropicalforestalliance.org\/en\/collective-action-agenda\/cop27-roadmap\/\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Agri-Commodity Sector Roadmap to 1.5&deg;C&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> includes a near-term milestone for 2025, it has been <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.worldwildlife.org\/press-releases\/wwf-statement-on-the-cop27-agri-commodity-sector-roadmap\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">criticised&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> for including deforestation but not land conversion, a major driver of the greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss caused by the sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A greater focus on adaptation and resilience is fundamentally important as the impacts of climate change accelerate. Several initiatives launched at COP27 demonstrate progress in protecting the most vulnerable communities against the adverse impacts of climate change, particularly in Africa, for example the <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/climatechampions.unfccc.int\/cop27-presidency-launches-adaptation-agenda-to-build-climate-resilience-for-4-billion-by-2030\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Sharm-el Sheikh Adaptation Agenda&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>, the <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/cop27.eg\/#\/presidency\/initiative\/aware\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Action on Water Adaptation and Resilience Initiative (AWARe)&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> and the <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/fsdafrica.org\/press-release\/leveraging-the-african-insurance-industry-to-create-resilient-african-economies\/\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Africa Climate Risk Facility&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quality<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, voluntary initiatives should be of high quality, embedding social and wider environmental factors so that outcomes are durable and robust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>High-quality initiatives should encompass <strong>social factors<\/strong> to ensure that their actions are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news\/a-just-transition-with-people-as-beneficiaries-not-victims\/\">just<\/a> &ndash; that is, fair and inclusive. This is important to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/explainers\/what-is-meant-by-climate-justice\/\">address existing injustices<\/a> and also gain consent for sustained and ambitious climate action. Without considerations of the social side, initiatives risk failing to reach marginalised groups that are most affected by climate impacts. Further, wider inclusivity can accelerate progress: a <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bcg.com\/publications\/2021\/climate-action-impact-on-gender-equality\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">recent study by BCG&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> estimates that closing the gender gap in the agricultural sector could reduce emissions by about 27.5 gigatonnes of CO<sub>2<\/sub> equivalent between 2020 and 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Protecting low-income communities that are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/acting-on-climate-and-poverty\/\">disproportionately affected<\/a> by climate change and addressing financial inequality are an essential but largely overlooked element of voluntary initiatives. <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/climatechampions.unfccc.int\/roof-over-our-heads-delivering-resilient-affordable-low-carbon-homes-for-2bn-people-by-2050\/\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Roof Over our Heads&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> is one example that incorporates such considerations, focusing on people living in informal settlements. Participation and leadership from the most marginalised and affected groups, such as women, Indigenous Peoples, local communities and young people, should also be ensured. The <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/climatechampions.unfccc.int\/high-quality-blue-carbon-principles-and-guidance\/\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">High-Quality Blue Carbon Principles&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> include a specific focus on empowering marginalised groups but others fall short: some experts have <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/agriculture-food\/news\/agribusiness-to-dominate-not-inclusive-cop27-talks-say-stakeholders\/\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">raised alarm&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> over AIM4C being dominated by agribusiness, leaving little room for local communities&rsquo; and farmers&rsquo; voices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Beyond climate drivers, initiatives should cover other forms of <strong>environmental damage<\/strong>. The protection and restoration of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/explainers\/what-are-nature-based-solutions-to-climate-change\/\">natural ecosystems<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/explainers\/what-is-biodiversity-and-why-does-it-matter\/\">biodiversity<\/a> can provide important carbon sinks, protect communities against climate impacts and contribute to <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/record\/6417333#.Y5mTe-zMJ24\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">physical and psychological wellbeing&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>. The <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mangrovealliance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Mangrove-Breakthrough-_-Leafletv1.2.pdf\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Mangrove Adaptation Outcome&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>, ENACT, <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/world-leaders-launch-forests-and-climate-leaders-partnership-to-accelerate-momentum-to-halt-and-reverse-forest-loss-and-land-degradation-by-2030\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Forest and Climate Leaders&rsquo; Partnership&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> and <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/coolcoalition.org\/pilot-projects\/nature-for-cool-cities-challenge\/\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Beat the Heat: Nature for Cool Cities Challenge&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> all represent good examples of how initiatives can embrace nature-based solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Transparency<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Third, initiatives should feature clear requirements to monitor progress and make data publicly available, to disclose transparently whether they are on track to meet their commitments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adopting clearly defined objectives and a timeline for achieving them is an essential first step to ensuring effective implementation and assessing progress. Several initiatives launched at COP27 &ndash; including ENACT, <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gainhealth.org\/resources\/reports-and-publications\/initiative-climate-action-and-nutrition-i-can\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Initiative on Climate Action and Nutrition (I-CAN)&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>, and <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/initiatives\/resilience-and-adaptation-mainstreaming-program-ramp\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Resilience and Adaptation Mainstreaming Program (RAMP)&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> &ndash; have published high-level guiding principles but no detailed delivery plans yet. The same principle should apply to commitments on social and environmental factors, which, if not linked to specific targets, will not have teeth. Guidance on how to embed these factors, like the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/publication\/just-transition-finance-tool-for-banking-and-investing-activities\/\">Just Transition Finance Tool<\/a>, can be particularly beneficial here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Initiatives should commit to annual reporting on progress towards meeting their objectives, following examples set by the <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/breakthrough-agenda-report-2022\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Breakthrough Agenda&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>, the <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/statement_22_6892\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Indonesia Just Energy Transition Plan&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> and <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/cop27.eg\/#\/presidency\/initiative\/surge-day\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Sustainable Urban Resilience for the next generation (SURGe)&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>. While most progress is self-reported, making independent assessments, as the Forest and Climate Leaders&rsquo; Partnership has committed to, can guarantee that the data reported are accurate and reliable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Considering the sheer variety of voluntary initiatives underway, coordination between them is necessary to avoid the risk that they are counterproductive to each other&rsquo;s objectives. Differences in the indicators and methodologies used for monitoring, and a lack of aggregated data across initiatives, make this challenging. Shifting such a complex system will require multifaceted and multidimensional change. Coordinating efforts that create a kind of connective tissue between initiatives, referring explicitly to the work of others, are needed &ndash; such as how the Sharm-El-Sheikh Adaptation Agenda <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/climatechampions.unfccc.int\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/SeS-Adaptation-Agenda_Complete-Report_COP27-.pdf\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">highlights initiatives in Africa&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> that are advancing its global goals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The role of COP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The COP climate conferences should have a continued role in shaping an overarching goal and framework, including mechanisms for political accountability, principles for action and signalling avenues for progress. It is the only space in which all countries and communities, including those most affected by climate change (such as <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iipfcc.org\/blog\/2022\/11\/17\/the-position-of-indigenous-peoples-in-relation-to-the-cover-decision-of-cop27\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Indigenous Peoples&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a> and <a class=\"link link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/topics\/education-youth\/youth\/youngo\" aria-describedby=\"link-description-new-window\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">youth&#65279;<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 16 16\" role=\"img\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M14.42 1.04L3.2.7a.8.8 0 00-.8.76v.1a.8.8 0 00.76.7l9.39.3L.93 14.16c-.3.3-.3.8 0 1.1l.09.08c.3.23.73.2 1.01-.07L13.65 3.65l.29 9.4a.8.8 0 00.8.76.79.79 0 00.77-.8L15.17 1.8a.82.82 0 00-.75-.76z\" fill=\"#2e3152\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a>) can truly have a voice. The UNFCCC must continue to break down barriers to equal and meaningful participation by these groups and to limit the influence of industry lobbying, while recognising that excluding firms could stymie progress through high-integrity voluntary commitments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The COP process is necessary but insufficient for the world to succeed in tackling climate change. Real progress is most likely to come from momentum across the whole of society. However, high integrity is essential across all initiatives involved &ndash; otherwise, climate goals could be jeopardised.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-\/\/W3C\/\/DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional\/\/EN\" \"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-html40\/loose.dtd\">\n<?xml encoding=\"UTF-8\"><p>International negotiations are a necessary but insufficient part of society&rsquo;s response to climate change. Looking outside of the forum of COP climate conferences, Rob Macquarie and Eleonore Soubeyran review the vital contribution of voluntary initiatives.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"author":57,"featured_media":63597,"template":"","tags":[4235,2181,261,221,4233],"news-category":[16],"topic_area":[4705],"class_list":["post-63584","news","type-news","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-ambition-loop","tag-cop27","tag-international-negotiations","tag-unfccc","tag-voluntary-climate-action","news-category-20-commentary","topic_area-leadership"],"acf":{"exclude_from_sync":{"ref_value":"field_560538b0e7350","value":"0","type":false,"post_type":""},"show_translations_widget":{"ref_value":"field_6203d588c41e8","value":"0","type":false,"post_type":""},"downloads":{"ref_value":"field_52f16cc1a80f2","value":false,"type":"repeater","post_type":""},"rss_newsletter":{"ref_value":"field_54f5c2c1544d8","value":"","type":false,"post_type":""},"profile_link":{"ref_value":"field_52f164b5189e9","value":["rob-macquarie","eleonore-soubeyran"],"type":"relationship","post_type":"profile"},"article_link":{"ref_value":"field_52eee3c7f0586","value":"","type":false,"post_type":""},"article_link_title":{"ref_value":"field_5322399d89d42","value":"","type":false,"post_type":""},"spotlight":{"ref_value":"field_52f80896506d3","value":"","type":false,"post_type":""}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The importance of voluntary climate action catalysed by the COP process - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"International negotiations are a necessary but insufficient part of society\u2019s response to climate change. Looking outside of the forum of COP climate conferences, Rob Macquarie and Eleonore Soubeyran review the vital contribution of voluntary initiatives.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The importance of voluntary climate action catalysed by the COP process - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"International negotiations are a necessary but insufficient part of society\u2019s response to climate change. Looking outside of the forum of COP climate conferences, Rob Macquarie and Eleonore Soubeyran review the vital contribution of voluntary initiatives.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-16T09:25:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/mangrove-nursery-Indonesia_CIFOR-Flickr.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1360\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/news\\\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/news\\\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\\\/\",\"name\":\"The importance of voluntary climate action catalysed by the COP process - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/news\\\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/news\\\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/mangrove-nursery-Indonesia_CIFOR-Flickr.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-12-16T10:13:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-16T09:25:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"International negotiations are a necessary but insufficient part of society\u2019s response to climate change. Looking outside of the forum of COP climate conferences, Rob Macquarie and Eleonore Soubeyran review the vital contribution of voluntary initiatives.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/news\\\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/news\\\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/news\\\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/mangrove-nursery-Indonesia_CIFOR-Flickr.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/mangrove-nursery-Indonesia_CIFOR-Flickr.jpg\",\"width\":2048,\"height\":1360,\"caption\":\"Mangrove nursery at Pulau Dua Natural Reserve, Indonesia. Photo: Aulia Erlangga\\\/CIFOR via Flickr\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/news\\\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"News & commentaries\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/news-and-commentary\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Commentary\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/news-category\\\/20-commentary\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"The importance of voluntary climate action catalysed by the COP process\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/\",\"name\":\"Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment\",\"description\":\"The Grantham Research Institute at LSE carries out world-class research on climate change and the environment.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lse.ac.uk\\\/granthaminstitute\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"The importance of voluntary climate action catalysed by the COP process - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","description":"International negotiations are a necessary but insufficient part of society\u2019s response to climate change. Looking outside of the forum of COP climate conferences, Rob Macquarie and Eleonore Soubeyran review the vital contribution of voluntary initiatives.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"The importance of voluntary climate action catalysed by the COP process - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","og_description":"International negotiations are a necessary but insufficient part of society\u2019s response to climate change. Looking outside of the forum of COP climate conferences, Rob Macquarie and Eleonore Soubeyran review the vital contribution of voluntary initiatives.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\/","og_site_name":"Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","article_modified_time":"2024-08-16T09:25:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2048,"height":1360,"url":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/mangrove-nursery-Indonesia_CIFOR-Flickr.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\/","url":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\/","name":"The importance of voluntary climate action catalysed by the COP process - Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/mangrove-nursery-Indonesia_CIFOR-Flickr.jpg","datePublished":"2022-12-16T10:13:12+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-16T09:25:07+00:00","description":"International negotiations are a necessary but insufficient part of society\u2019s response to climate change. Looking outside of the forum of COP climate conferences, Rob Macquarie and Eleonore Soubeyran review the vital contribution of voluntary initiatives.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/mangrove-nursery-Indonesia_CIFOR-Flickr.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/mangrove-nursery-Indonesia_CIFOR-Flickr.jpg","width":2048,"height":1360,"caption":"Mangrove nursery at Pulau Dua Natural Reserve, Indonesia. Photo: Aulia Erlangga\/CIFOR via Flickr"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news\/the-importance-of-voluntary-climate-action-catalysed-by-the-cop-process\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"News & commentaries","item":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news-and-commentary\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Commentary","item":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/news-category\/20-commentary\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":4,"name":"The importance of voluntary climate action catalysed by the COP process"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/","name":"Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment","description":"The Grantham Research Institute at LSE carries out world-class research on climate change and the environment.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"}]}},"taxonomies":{"post_tag":["ambition loop","COP27","international negotiations","UNFCCC","voluntary climate action"],"news-category":["Commentary"],"topic_area":["Leadership"]},"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/mangrove-nursery-Indonesia_CIFOR-Flickr.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news\/63584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/news"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/57"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news\/63584\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63590,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news\/63584\/revisions\/63590"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=63584"},{"taxonomy":"news-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news-category?post=63584"},{"taxonomy":"topic_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic_area?post=63584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}