Professor Léonce Ndikumana is Professor of Economics at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and Guest Lecturer at the LSE-UCT July School. He served as Director of Operational Policies and Director of Research at the African Development Bank and Chief of Macroeconomic Analysis at the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. His work is concerned with issues of external debt and capital flight, financial markets and growth, macroeconomic policies for growth and employment, and the economics of conflict and civil wars in Africa.