Dr Kent Deng, CMK.C213, Dr. Alejandra Irigoin, CMK.C313, Dr Oliver Volckart, CMK.C215 and Dr Patrick Wallis, CMK.C414

Compulsory course for MSc Global History and MSc Economic History. Optional for MSc China in Comparative Perspective, MSc Empires, Colonialism, Globalisation and MA Global Studies: A European Perspective. Students taking other master's degrees may be admitted, space and timetable permitting, with the approval of their department and the course teachers.

This course surveys long-term processes of growth and development in pre-modern Europe, China and Japan. The course raises fundamental questions about the nature of pre-industrial societies and economies. First, it asks if stagnation and poverty were normal conditions in pre-industrial societies and growth an aberration. What kind of growth and development did 'Malthusian' societies experience? Second, it addresses debates over European industrialisation. Why was Britain first? Was British success from the late 18th century the result of unique social, institutional, or cultural features? Was it the outcome of a centuries-long, cumulative process of change, that relied as much on inputs from the rest of Europe as much as specifically domestic features? Or was it the result of a 'fortunate conjuncture'? Third, it makes an in-depth comparison of three major geo-economic regions (Europe, China and Japan) over seven centuries. It discusses recent research that suggests that parts of pre-modern Asia were as developed (in terms of living standards, agricultural productivity, commerce) as the more advanced regions of modern Europe, and asks if there were more than one 'premodern paths of growth'.

In the MT we focus on Europe; during the LT, on China and Japan. The approach throughout is thematic. Themes include: agriculture, population, urbanisation, technology, urban and rural industry, economic effects of legal, political and constitutional structure; political economy and taxation; warfare; trade and market integration, causes and effects of  European expansion.

2-hour meetings weekly, with a flexible combination of lectures and seminars in MT and LT.

All students are expected to write four essays: one by the end of the fifth week of the MT, one by the end of the ninth week of the MT, one by end of the fifth week of the LT, and one by the end of the ninth week of the LT.

M Olson, 'Big bills left on the sidewalk: why some nations are rich, and others poor', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10:2 (1996); E L Jones, Growth Recurring: economic change in world history (1988; 2nd edn, 2002); M Mann, The Sources of Social Power, Vol I (1987); D North & R Thomas, The Rise of the Western World (1973); K G Persson, Pre-industrial Economic Growth (1988); I Wallerstein, Historical Capitalism (1983); P Anderson, Lineages of the Absolutist State (1974); T Aston & C Philpin (Eds), The Brenner Debate: agrarian class structure and economic development in pre-industrial Europe (1985); S R Epstein, Freedom and growth. The rise of states and markets in Europe 1300-1750 (2000); J De Vries, The Economy of Europe in an age of crisis, 1600-1750 (1976); G Deng, The Premodern Chinese Economy (1999); T C Smith, The Agrarian Origins of Modern Japan (1959); K Pomeranz, The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the making of the modern world economy (2000); A G Frank, ReORIENT: Global economy in the Asian age 1998).

A three-hour written examination.