'Insolvency Practitioners: Avenues of Accountability' [2012] 8
Journal of Business Law 645-667
'Corporate rescue : a game of three halves' Legal Studies
(2012) 32 (2) pp.302-324
Three connected processes make up the UK corporate rescue regime: the formal, legal regime, informal approaches and the quasi‐formal system, as exemplified by the pre‐packaged administration. These three processes not only operate through different procedures but they are also attuned to the pursuit of different objectives and values, they are subject to different controls and they involve different roles for, and relationships between, the parties affected by corporate rescues. A number of negative and identifiable consequences flow from such divergences. An understanding of the tensions between these three systems and an awareness of the challenges posed by transition through different procedures does, however, help to explain many of the deficiencies of current corporate rescue processes and it also provides an enhanced basis for considering current proposals for reforming restructuring and working towards an improved rescue regime.
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'Corporate rescue: who is interested?' J.B.L. 2012, 3,
190-212.
Assesses the extent to which the UK corporate rescue regime respects the interests of the various involved parties. Discusses what is meant by respect for interests in this context and how it can be measured. Reviews the different corporate rescue processes, including the formal administration process, pre-packs and company voluntary arrangements, in terms of the capacities they provide to secured creditors, unsecured creditors, directors and employees. Considers how the systems could be reformed to ensure greater respect for interests.
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'Pre-packaged Administrations and the Construction of
Propriety' (2011) 11(1) Journal of Corporate Law Studies
pp 1-31. (April issue)
The pre-pack remains a controversial process in spite of sustained attempts to improve relevant control mechanisms so as to boost its acceptability. Pre-packs are intrinsically difficult to regulate and a particular problem is that different controls may operate with divergent conceptions of propriety—of what constitutes fair and appropriate treatment for parties affected by pre-packs. The potential result of such divergencies is a degree of confusion that may undermine the pre-pack as a rescue mechanism that merits broad approval. There are, nevertheless, numerous strategies that can be used for bringing different pre-pack controls into alignment, and of particular value may be approaches that simplify institutional structures and see the processes of entry into administration as opportunities for resolving differences of perspective. For lawyers, these considerations may point to the need for the courts to play a facilitating role and to oversee pre-packs in a way that harmonises different control systems and fosters common understandings regarding propriety within pre-packs.
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'Corporate rescue processes : the search for quality and the
capacity to resolve' (2010) Journal of Business Law (6) pp.502-521
Discusses how the effectiveness of corporate rescue processes can be measured. Outlines the difficulties of making such an assessment, including the differing views of various interested parties about what would constitute a successful rescue. Outlines the development of the corporate rescue culture in the UK, focusing on the administration procedure introduced by the Enterprise Act 2002. Divides performance indicators into four categories, namely achievement of input, process, output and outcome objectives. Reviews Insolvency Service assessments of performance and comments on the different approaches taken.
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'The Dynamics of Insolvency Law: Three Models of Reform' Law and Financial Markets Review,
Volume 3, Number 5, September 2009 , pp. 438-448
The credit crisis has introduced a period of turbulence in
insolvency law and it is essential that we are clear about the factors that are
driving and should drive reforms. Three models of insolvency law reform can be
distinguished: the 'adaptive', the 'strategic' and the 'redirective' approaches.
An examination of four recently canvassed reforms of corporate rescue procedures
raises questions about the ways in which insolvency processes are developed in
this commercially important area. The reforms discussed relate to: new
court-supervised restructuring procedures; super-priority funding; imports from
Chapter 11; and bespoke rules for the financial sector. Seeing insolvency
reforms in terms of the three proposed models offers the prospect of increased
clarity on the case for legal change. This approach suggests that reform
proposals can be assessed with explicit reference to three identifiable
questions. Do changes in market conditions or other factors demand adjustments
in insolvency law approaches? Are strategic shifts needed in order to advance
established objectives? Is there a case for changing the objectives of
insolvency law?
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'Corporate Rescue in a World of Debt' (2008)
Journal of Business Law pp 756-777.
'Pre-Packaged Administrations: Bargains in the Shadow of Insolvency or
Shadowy Bargains?' (2006) Journal of Business Law 568-588
The pre-packaged administration procedure is a device that is controversial
in a number of respects. Its proponents emphasise its facilitation of swift
corporate rescues and reorganisations. Its critics suggest that the pre-pack
pays insufficient heed to the interests of less powerful creditors. Pre-packs
can be controlled by "managerial", "professional ethics" and "regulatory"
methods. More generally, judicial oversight has limited potential as a control
strategy and increased legislative restriction of pre-packs brings dangers of
additional complexity in turnarounds together with new uncertainties.
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'Doctoring in the Shadows of Insolvency' (2005) Journal of Business Law
690-708
Discusses the impact of the corporate rescue regime introduced by the
Enterprise Act 2002 and the role of the "turnaround specialists" involved at the
pre insolvency monitoring stage. Examines the levels of expertise required by
the Society of Turnaround Professionals, whether their accountability standards
match those of insolvency practitioners, and the obstacles to introducing a
mandatory system of regulation. Considers whether turnaround specialists are
obliged to ensure fairness between all creditors and evaluates their
contribution to corporate rescue, highlighting the advantages of independence.
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'Regulating Insolvency Practitioners: Rationalisation on the Agenda' (2005)
Insolvency Intelligence 17-20
Explores issues relating to the possible rationalisation of the regulation
of insolvency practitioners. Discusses a number of concerns raised about the
regulation of legal and financial services, and their relevance to insolvency.
Assesses the various options for regulatory reform, ranging from establishing a
single independent regulator to continuing with the present system of recognised
professional bodies, subject to certain harmonisation measures.
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'Late Payment of Debt: Re-thinking the Response' (2005)
Insolvency Intelligence 38-40
Explores the effectiveness of the Late Payment of Commercial Debts
(Interest) Act 1998 in assisting small businesses in debt collection. Highlights
the concern of small businesses that taking action under the Act will prejudice
commercial relations. Identifies other possible strategies including: (1)
"naming and shaming"; (2) factoring; (3) discounts for prompt payment; (4)
preventing dependency on one large debtor; (5) researching creditworthiness of
debtors; (6) seeking the opinion of a credit insurer; and (7) a cultural change
in large companies. Considers the potential for Government action.
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'Control and Co-ordination in Corporate Rescue' (2005)
Legal Studies 374-403
Discusses the main elements of the corporate rescue regime introduced by the
Enterprise Act 2002, and considers how its effectiveness relies on coordinated
efforts by all parties to the rescue. Examines the potential role of the
judiciary in shaping and supervising the administration process so as to
optimise this stakeholder coordination.
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'The Recasting of Insolvency Law' (2005) Modern Law Review
713-736
Over the last decade corporate insolvency laws and processes have changed in
two important ways. There has been a philosophical shift away from ex post
responses to corporate crises and towards influencing the way that corporate
actors manage the risks of insolvency ex ante. In addition, there has been a
revision of insolvency roles so that participants in corporate and insolvency
processes are increasingly encouraged to see corporate decline as a matter to be
anticipated and prevented rather than responded to after the event. In this
development turnaround specialists have gained a new prominence. These are
changes that reflect broader social and governmental trends to audit performance
more actively and to see issues in terms of needs to manage risks. Such
developments are important for corporate and insolvency lawyers – they recast a
host of issues within new framing assumptions and they force a re-thinking of
corporate insolvency law's challenges and agendas.
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'Re-Invigorating Corporate Rescue' [2003] Journal of Business Law
527-557
Reviews the effectiveness of the UK Government's corporate rescue reforms,
highlighting key provisions of the Enterprise Act 2002, concerning the
enforcement of floating charges through the administration process and the ring
fencing of a proportion of a company's net floating charge proceeds for
unsecured creditors. Evaluates the impact of the reforms on banks, unsecured
creditors, administrators, directors and the courts themselves, in terms of: (1)
substantive and procedural rights; (2) whether incentives for supporting rescue
efforts under the new regime conform to legislative intentions; (3) general
attitudes to rescue; and (4) the effect of limitations on expertise or
resourcing. Discusses the possible future development of the corporate
insolvency process.
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'Public Interest Liquidation: PIL or Placebo?' [2002] Insolvency Lawyer
157-165
'The Limited Liability Partnership: Pick and Mix or Mix-Up?' [2002]
Journal of Business Law 475-512 (with J. Freedman)
'Is Pari Passu Passé?' [2000] Insolvency Lawyer
194-210